Nanocrystallite Zeolite BEA for Regioselective and Continuous Acetyl Functionalization of Anisole Using Acetic Anhydride: Catalyst Deactivation Studies

[Image: see text] Ultrasonic pretreatment of gel composition followed by hydrothermal synthesis produces the nanocrystallite zeolite beta (ZB) with crystal sizes of 10.3, 22.6, and 9.1 nm for ZB-1, ZB-2, and ZB-3, respectively. The effect of ultrasonic pretreatment and the (SiO(2)/Al(2)O(3)) ratio of gel composition on physical, textural properties, and also on the catalytic activity of ZB catalysts with increasing time on stream (TOS) was investigated. The specific surface area and mesopore volume for ZB-1, ZB-2, and ZB-3 are 438, 380, and 429 m(2)/g and 0.17, 0.05, and 0.14 cm(3)/g, respectively. The activity studies of ZB-1 and ZB-3 catalysts were confirmed that the anisole conversion initially increased with TOS until it attained the maximum value and then started decreasing further with TOS due to the deactivation of the catalyst caused by the strong interaction of the product with the acidic sites in the mesopore region. However, in the case of ZB-2, the anisole conversion (>45%) was sustained for a longer TOS due to its smaller particle size, low mesopore volume, and more acidic sites in the micropore volume that are inclusively made for retardation in the catlytic deactivation rate. The CHNS and TGA analysis of the spent catalysts confirm that ZB-1 and ZB-3 catalysts are susceptible for a significant coke formation attributed due to strong product retention in their large mesopore volume, which lead to the catalytic deactivation.