Outcomes of emergent cardiac surgery after transcatheter aortic valve implantation

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the reasons for emergent cardiac surgery (ECS) after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and assess outcomes of these patients. METHODS: All patients undergoing ECS following a complicated TAVI procedure at a high-volume TAVI centre in the Netherlands from 1 January 2008 to 1 April 2022 were included. Baseline and procedural characteristics and outcome data (procedural, 30-day and 1‑year mortality, in-hospital stroke, 30-day pacemaker implantation, 30-day vascular complications, 30-day deep sternal wound infections and 30-day re-exploration) were collected from patient files and analysed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: During the study period, 16 of 1594 patients (1.0%) undergoing TAVI required ECS. The main reason for ECS was valve embolisation (n = 9; 56.3%), followed by perforation of the left/right ventricle with guide wire/pacemaker lead (n = 3; 18.8%) and annular rupture (n = 3; 18.8%). Procedural, 30-day and 1‑year mortality was 0%, 18.8% (n = 3) and 31.3% (n = 5), respectively. In-hospital stroke occurred in 1 patient (6.3%), a pacemaker was implanted at 30 days in 2 patients (12.5%), and major vascular complications did not occur. CONCLUSION: ECS following complicated TAVI was performed in only a small number of cases. It had a high but acceptable perioperative and 30-day mortality, taking into account the otherwise lethal consequences. In case of valve embolisation, no periprocedural or 30-day mortality was observed for surgical aortic valve replacement (even in a redo setting), which supported the necessity to perform TAVI in centres with cardiac surgical backup on site.