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Systematical assessment of the impact of single spike mutations of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sub-variants on the neutralization capacity of post-vaccination sera

INTRODUCTION: The evolution of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants significantly affects vaccine effectiveness. While these effects can only be studied retrospectively, neutralizing antibody titers are most used as correlates of protection. However, studies assessing neutralizing antibody titers often show he...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Katzmarzyk, Maeva, Clesle, Denise Christine, van den Heuvel, Joop, Hoffmann, Markus, Garritsen, Henk, Pöhlmann, Stefan, Jacobsen, Henning, Čičin-Šain, Luka
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10667444/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38022629
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1288794
Descripción
Sumario:INTRODUCTION: The evolution of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants significantly affects vaccine effectiveness. While these effects can only be studied retrospectively, neutralizing antibody titers are most used as correlates of protection. However, studies assessing neutralizing antibody titers often show heterogeneous data. METHODS: To address this, we investigated assay variance and identified virus infection time and dose as factors affecting assay robustness. We next measured neutralization against Omicron sub-variants in cohorts with hybrid or vaccine induced immunity, identifying a gradient of immune escape potential. To evaluate the effect of individual mutations on this immune escape potential of Omicron variants, we systematically assessed the effect of each individual mutation specific to Omicron BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, and BA.4/5. RESULTS: We cloned a library of pseudo-viruses expressing spikes with single point mutations, and subjected it to pooled sera from vaccinated hosts, thereby identifying multiple mutations that independently affect neutralization potency. DISCUSSION: These data might help to predict antigenic features of novel viral variants carrying these mutations and support the development of broad monoclonal antibodies.