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YFDM: YOLO for detecting Morse code

With the increasing complexity of the shortwave communication environment, the efficiency and accuracy of the manual detection of Morse code no longer meet actual needs. Therefore, this paper proposes a Morse code detection algorithm called YFDM. For the time–frequency image of the received signal,...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Wei, Zhenhua, Li, Zijun, Han, Siming
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10667528/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37996624
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-48030-7
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author Wei, Zhenhua
Li, Zijun
Han, Siming
author_facet Wei, Zhenhua
Li, Zijun
Han, Siming
author_sort Wei, Zhenhua
collection PubMed
description With the increasing complexity of the shortwave communication environment, the efficiency and accuracy of the manual detection of Morse code no longer meet actual needs. Therefore, this paper proposes a Morse code detection algorithm called YFDM. For the time–frequency image of the received signal, a combination module of deformable convolution and C3 is used to enhance the backbone network’s attention to the abstract semantics and location information of Morse code. GSConv and VOV-GSCSP modules are used to build a lightweight neck network. Finally, the confidence propagation cluster (CP-Cluster) algorithm is used to filter the detection frame. In an ablation experiment, the parameters and giga floating-point operations per second (GFLOPs) of YFDM were 5.961 M and 9.74 G, respectively, 15.11% and 38.9% less than those of YOLOv5. Moreover, when WIoUv1 was used as the loss function of the bounding box, the AP0.5:0.95 and frames per second (FPS) values of the algorithm reached the highest values, 0.68 and 72.4. The experimental results indicate that the algorithm can effectively reduce the weight of the model while ensuring the detection accuracy and inference speed.
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spelling pubmed-106675282023-11-23 YFDM: YOLO for detecting Morse code Wei, Zhenhua Li, Zijun Han, Siming Sci Rep Article With the increasing complexity of the shortwave communication environment, the efficiency and accuracy of the manual detection of Morse code no longer meet actual needs. Therefore, this paper proposes a Morse code detection algorithm called YFDM. For the time–frequency image of the received signal, a combination module of deformable convolution and C3 is used to enhance the backbone network’s attention to the abstract semantics and location information of Morse code. GSConv and VOV-GSCSP modules are used to build a lightweight neck network. Finally, the confidence propagation cluster (CP-Cluster) algorithm is used to filter the detection frame. In an ablation experiment, the parameters and giga floating-point operations per second (GFLOPs) of YFDM were 5.961 M and 9.74 G, respectively, 15.11% and 38.9% less than those of YOLOv5. Moreover, when WIoUv1 was used as the loss function of the bounding box, the AP0.5:0.95 and frames per second (FPS) values of the algorithm reached the highest values, 0.68 and 72.4. The experimental results indicate that the algorithm can effectively reduce the weight of the model while ensuring the detection accuracy and inference speed. Nature Publishing Group UK 2023-11-23 /pmc/articles/PMC10667528/ /pubmed/37996624 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-48030-7 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Article
Wei, Zhenhua
Li, Zijun
Han, Siming
YFDM: YOLO for detecting Morse code
title YFDM: YOLO for detecting Morse code
title_full YFDM: YOLO for detecting Morse code
title_fullStr YFDM: YOLO for detecting Morse code
title_full_unstemmed YFDM: YOLO for detecting Morse code
title_short YFDM: YOLO for detecting Morse code
title_sort yfdm: yolo for detecting morse code
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10667528/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37996624
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-48030-7
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