Empyema necessitans in a pediatric patient: A case study

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Empyema necessitans is a rare and severe complication of pleural effusion characterized by the extension of purulent material from the pleural cavity into the surrounding soft tissues, resulting in the formation of a subcutaneous abscess. CASE PRESENTATION: A one-year-old boy presented with symptoms that were in line with empyema necessitans, and Escherichia coli was shown to be the causative organism. A successful outcome required early detection, rapid diagnosis, and proper management, which included targeted antibiotic medication and drainage of the pleural collection. When a young patient exhibits a growing chest wall swelling, empyema necessitans should be considered in the differential diagnosis. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: The best care for individuals with empyema necessitans requires a multidisciplinary approach comprising pediatricians, thoracic surgeons, infectious disease experts, and interventional radiologists. Escherichia coli infection requires a comprehensive approach involving antibiotic therapy and surgical intervention if necessary. CONCLUSION: Empyema necessitans in pediatric patients, caused by Escherichia coli, is an infrequent disease that requires more investigation to enhance our understanding of the associated risk factors, optimal treatment modalities, and potential long-term consequences.