Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Rare Complication of COVID-19 in a Patient With Sickle Cell Anemia

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an uncommon condition that can be fatal due to overwhelming macrophage activation and cytokine production. It can be primary (familial/genetic) or secondary. It is associated with infections, malignancies, and rheumatologic and immunodeficiency disorders....

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Autores principales: Al-Handola, Rami, Abdelkader, Khaled, Karrar, Arif, Chinnappan, Justine, Rode, Geeta
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cureus 2023
Materias:
Internal Medicine
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10667952/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38022077
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.47631
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author Al-Handola, Rami
Abdelkader, Khaled
Karrar, Arif
Chinnappan, Justine
Rode, Geeta
author_facet Al-Handola, Rami
Abdelkader, Khaled
Karrar, Arif
Chinnappan, Justine
Rode, Geeta
author_sort Al-Handola, Rami
collection PubMed
description Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an uncommon condition that can be fatal due to overwhelming macrophage activation and cytokine production. It can be primary (familial/genetic) or secondary. It is associated with infections, malignancies, and rheumatologic and immunodeficiency disorders. We report a middle-aged female patient with sickle cell anemia who presented with COVID-19 infection that triggered a vaso-occlusive crisis and resulted in HLH. She had preexisting high ferritin levels and cytopenias, making the diagnosis more challenging. A high index of suspicion and timely treatment is essential to prevent adverse outcomes.
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spelling pubmed-106679522023-10-25 Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Rare Complication of COVID-19 in a Patient With Sickle Cell Anemia Al-Handola, Rami Abdelkader, Khaled Karrar, Arif Chinnappan, Justine Rode, Geeta Cureus Internal Medicine Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an uncommon condition that can be fatal due to overwhelming macrophage activation and cytokine production. It can be primary (familial/genetic) or secondary. It is associated with infections, malignancies, and rheumatologic and immunodeficiency disorders. We report a middle-aged female patient with sickle cell anemia who presented with COVID-19 infection that triggered a vaso-occlusive crisis and resulted in HLH. She had preexisting high ferritin levels and cytopenias, making the diagnosis more challenging. A high index of suspicion and timely treatment is essential to prevent adverse outcomes. Cureus 2023-10-25 /pmc/articles/PMC10667952/ /pubmed/38022077 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.47631 Text en Copyright © 2023, Al-Handola et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Internal Medicine
Al-Handola, Rami
Abdelkader, Khaled
Karrar, Arif
Chinnappan, Justine
Rode, Geeta
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Rare Complication of COVID-19 in a Patient With Sickle Cell Anemia
title Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Rare Complication of COVID-19 in a Patient With Sickle Cell Anemia
title_full Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Rare Complication of COVID-19 in a Patient With Sickle Cell Anemia
title_fullStr Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Rare Complication of COVID-19 in a Patient With Sickle Cell Anemia
title_full_unstemmed Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Rare Complication of COVID-19 in a Patient With Sickle Cell Anemia
title_short Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Rare Complication of COVID-19 in a Patient With Sickle Cell Anemia
title_sort hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a rare complication of covid-19 in a patient with sickle cell anemia
topic Internal Medicine
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10667952/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38022077
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.47631
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