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Diversity of vegetable landraces in the Pampa biome of Brazil and Uruguay: utilization and conservation strategies

The historical meeting between originally American people, European colonizers, and slaved peoples from Africa in the biome Pampa in South Brazil and Uruguay involved a cultural syncretism and a great genetic diversity of landraces of cultivated species. Genetic richness evolved by selection and cul...

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Autores principales: Rivas, Mercedes, Vidal, Rafael, Neitzke, Raquel Silviana, Priori, Daniela, Almeida, Natália, Antunes, Irajá Ferreira, Galván, Guillermo A., Barbieri, Rosa Lia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10668028/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38023920
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1232589
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author Rivas, Mercedes
Vidal, Rafael
Neitzke, Raquel Silviana
Priori, Daniela
Almeida, Natália
Antunes, Irajá Ferreira
Galván, Guillermo A.
Barbieri, Rosa Lia
author_facet Rivas, Mercedes
Vidal, Rafael
Neitzke, Raquel Silviana
Priori, Daniela
Almeida, Natália
Antunes, Irajá Ferreira
Galván, Guillermo A.
Barbieri, Rosa Lia
author_sort Rivas, Mercedes
collection PubMed
description The historical meeting between originally American people, European colonizers, and slaved peoples from Africa in the biome Pampa in South Brazil and Uruguay involved a cultural syncretism and a great genetic diversity of landraces of cultivated species. Genetic richness evolved by selection and cultural processes in response to different environments, cultural backgrounds, and needs. This review summarized the knowledge on vegetable and maize landraces in South Brazilian and Uruguayan Pampa biome, to design a strategy towards the rediscovery, conservation, and sustainable use. Landraces diversity maintained in situ and ex situ is described, specific case studies are presented, and the main problems and tools towards landraces re-valorization are discussed. We show that traditional family farming systems maintain diverse vegetable species, mainly squashes (Cucurbita spp.), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), beans (Phaseolus spp.), onion (Allium cepa), peppers (Capsicum spp.), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), next to leafy vegetables and maize, among others. We propose the priority of systematic surveys as a basis for monitoring genetic erosion, increasing complementariness between in situ and ex situ conservation, and implementing sustainable conservation and utilization. The case studies highlight genetic diversity within each cultivated species, with different crop physiological responses; disease resistances, different quality traits and associated uses, from animal feeding in maize to a range of culinary uses linked to traditional culture in maize and vegetable species, and ornamental uses of specific Capsicum and Cucurbita. Some landraces were the basis for breeding, where improved cultivars allowed the competitiveness of landrace germplasm in the markets. Renewed industrialized products allowed the competitive and sustainable use of Capsicum landraces in Brazilian farmers communities. Strategies towards in situ conservation improvements and valorization are discussed; emphasizing the role played by agroecology, community seed banks and custodian farmers, participatory plant breeding, promotion of landraces specialties among consumers, and the need of research and capacity building, among others. Farmers’ participation in the decisions is a key factor, along with the academia and the public sector. Landraces and associated knowledge are treasures to be used to benefit from farmers to consumers, directing the course of agriculture towards sustainable directions.
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spelling pubmed-106680282023-01-01 Diversity of vegetable landraces in the Pampa biome of Brazil and Uruguay: utilization and conservation strategies Rivas, Mercedes Vidal, Rafael Neitzke, Raquel Silviana Priori, Daniela Almeida, Natália Antunes, Irajá Ferreira Galván, Guillermo A. Barbieri, Rosa Lia Front Plant Sci Plant Science The historical meeting between originally American people, European colonizers, and slaved peoples from Africa in the biome Pampa in South Brazil and Uruguay involved a cultural syncretism and a great genetic diversity of landraces of cultivated species. Genetic richness evolved by selection and cultural processes in response to different environments, cultural backgrounds, and needs. This review summarized the knowledge on vegetable and maize landraces in South Brazilian and Uruguayan Pampa biome, to design a strategy towards the rediscovery, conservation, and sustainable use. Landraces diversity maintained in situ and ex situ is described, specific case studies are presented, and the main problems and tools towards landraces re-valorization are discussed. We show that traditional family farming systems maintain diverse vegetable species, mainly squashes (Cucurbita spp.), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), beans (Phaseolus spp.), onion (Allium cepa), peppers (Capsicum spp.), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), next to leafy vegetables and maize, among others. We propose the priority of systematic surveys as a basis for monitoring genetic erosion, increasing complementariness between in situ and ex situ conservation, and implementing sustainable conservation and utilization. The case studies highlight genetic diversity within each cultivated species, with different crop physiological responses; disease resistances, different quality traits and associated uses, from animal feeding in maize to a range of culinary uses linked to traditional culture in maize and vegetable species, and ornamental uses of specific Capsicum and Cucurbita. Some landraces were the basis for breeding, where improved cultivars allowed the competitiveness of landrace germplasm in the markets. Renewed industrialized products allowed the competitive and sustainable use of Capsicum landraces in Brazilian farmers communities. Strategies towards in situ conservation improvements and valorization are discussed; emphasizing the role played by agroecology, community seed banks and custodian farmers, participatory plant breeding, promotion of landraces specialties among consumers, and the need of research and capacity building, among others. Farmers’ participation in the decisions is a key factor, along with the academia and the public sector. Landraces and associated knowledge are treasures to be used to benefit from farmers to consumers, directing the course of agriculture towards sustainable directions. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-11-10 /pmc/articles/PMC10668028/ /pubmed/38023920 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1232589 Text en Copyright © 2023 Rivas, Vidal, Neitzke, Priori, Almeida, Antunes, Galván and Barbieri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Plant Science
Rivas, Mercedes
Vidal, Rafael
Neitzke, Raquel Silviana
Priori, Daniela
Almeida, Natália
Antunes, Irajá Ferreira
Galván, Guillermo A.
Barbieri, Rosa Lia
Diversity of vegetable landraces in the Pampa biome of Brazil and Uruguay: utilization and conservation strategies
title Diversity of vegetable landraces in the Pampa biome of Brazil and Uruguay: utilization and conservation strategies
title_full Diversity of vegetable landraces in the Pampa biome of Brazil and Uruguay: utilization and conservation strategies
title_fullStr Diversity of vegetable landraces in the Pampa biome of Brazil and Uruguay: utilization and conservation strategies
title_full_unstemmed Diversity of vegetable landraces in the Pampa biome of Brazil and Uruguay: utilization and conservation strategies
title_short Diversity of vegetable landraces in the Pampa biome of Brazil and Uruguay: utilization and conservation strategies
title_sort diversity of vegetable landraces in the pampa biome of brazil and uruguay: utilization and conservation strategies
topic Plant Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10668028/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38023920
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1232589
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