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CAR T cells for treating autoimmune diseases

Autoimmune disorders occur when immune cells go wrong and attack the body’s own tissues. Currently, autoimmune disorders are largely treated by broad immunosuppressive agents and blocking antibodies, which can manage the diseases but often are not curative. Thus, there is an urgent need for advanced...

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Autores principales: Blache, Ulrich, Tretbar, Sandy, Koehl, Ulrike, Mougiakakos, Dimitrios, Fricke, Stephan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BMJ Publishing Group 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10668249/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37996128
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rmdopen-2022-002907
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author Blache, Ulrich
Tretbar, Sandy
Koehl, Ulrike
Mougiakakos, Dimitrios
Fricke, Stephan
author_facet Blache, Ulrich
Tretbar, Sandy
Koehl, Ulrike
Mougiakakos, Dimitrios
Fricke, Stephan
author_sort Blache, Ulrich
collection PubMed
description Autoimmune disorders occur when immune cells go wrong and attack the body’s own tissues. Currently, autoimmune disorders are largely treated by broad immunosuppressive agents and blocking antibodies, which can manage the diseases but often are not curative. Thus, there is an urgent need for advanced therapies for patients suffering from severe and refractory autoimmune diseases, and researchers have considered cell therapy as potentially curative approach for several decades. In the wake of its success in cancer therapy, adoptive transfer of engineered T cells modified with chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) for target recognition could now become a therapeutic option for some autoimmune diseases. Here, we review the ongoing developments with CAR T cells in the field of autoimmune disorders. We will cover first clinical results of applying anti-CD19 and anti-B cell maturation antigen CAR T cells for B cell elimination in systemic lupus erythematosus, refractory antisynthetase syndrome and myasthenia gravis, respectively. Furthermore, in preclinical models, researchers have also developed chimeric autoantibody receptor T cells that can eliminate individual B cell clones producing specific autoantibodies, and regulatory CAR T cells that do not eliminate autoreactive immune cells but dampen their wrong activation. Finally, we will address safety and manufacturing aspects for CAR T cells and discuss mRNA technologies and automation concepts for ensuring the future availability of safe and efficient CAR T cell products.
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spelling pubmed-106682492023-11-23 CAR T cells for treating autoimmune diseases Blache, Ulrich Tretbar, Sandy Koehl, Ulrike Mougiakakos, Dimitrios Fricke, Stephan RMD Open Autoimmunity Autoimmune disorders occur when immune cells go wrong and attack the body’s own tissues. Currently, autoimmune disorders are largely treated by broad immunosuppressive agents and blocking antibodies, which can manage the diseases but often are not curative. Thus, there is an urgent need for advanced therapies for patients suffering from severe and refractory autoimmune diseases, and researchers have considered cell therapy as potentially curative approach for several decades. In the wake of its success in cancer therapy, adoptive transfer of engineered T cells modified with chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) for target recognition could now become a therapeutic option for some autoimmune diseases. Here, we review the ongoing developments with CAR T cells in the field of autoimmune disorders. We will cover first clinical results of applying anti-CD19 and anti-B cell maturation antigen CAR T cells for B cell elimination in systemic lupus erythematosus, refractory antisynthetase syndrome and myasthenia gravis, respectively. Furthermore, in preclinical models, researchers have also developed chimeric autoantibody receptor T cells that can eliminate individual B cell clones producing specific autoantibodies, and regulatory CAR T cells that do not eliminate autoreactive immune cells but dampen their wrong activation. Finally, we will address safety and manufacturing aspects for CAR T cells and discuss mRNA technologies and automation concepts for ensuring the future availability of safe and efficient CAR T cell products. BMJ Publishing Group 2023-11-23 /pmc/articles/PMC10668249/ /pubmed/37996128 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rmdopen-2022-002907 Text en © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Autoimmunity
Blache, Ulrich
Tretbar, Sandy
Koehl, Ulrike
Mougiakakos, Dimitrios
Fricke, Stephan
CAR T cells for treating autoimmune diseases
title CAR T cells for treating autoimmune diseases
title_full CAR T cells for treating autoimmune diseases
title_fullStr CAR T cells for treating autoimmune diseases
title_full_unstemmed CAR T cells for treating autoimmune diseases
title_short CAR T cells for treating autoimmune diseases
title_sort car t cells for treating autoimmune diseases
topic Autoimmunity
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10668249/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37996128
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rmdopen-2022-002907
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