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Evaluating the Potency of Selected Antibiotic Medications Dispensed in Community Pharmacies in Gwale, Kano, Nigeria

The worsening of antibiotic resistance is a multifactorial process. One aspect of this is the counterfeiting of antibiotic medications. This is supposed to be particularly high in developing countries, including Nigeria. Therefore, the potency of some antibiotic drugs dispensed in community pharmaci...

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Autores principales: Mukhtar, Muhammad Dauda, Rufa’i, Fatihu Ahmad, Yola, Abdurrahaman Umar, Babba, Nafisa Ibrahim, Baecker, Daniel
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10668698/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37998784
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12111582
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author Mukhtar, Muhammad Dauda
Rufa’i, Fatihu Ahmad
Yola, Abdurrahaman Umar
Babba, Nafisa Ibrahim
Baecker, Daniel
author_facet Mukhtar, Muhammad Dauda
Rufa’i, Fatihu Ahmad
Yola, Abdurrahaman Umar
Babba, Nafisa Ibrahim
Baecker, Daniel
author_sort Mukhtar, Muhammad Dauda
collection PubMed
description The worsening of antibiotic resistance is a multifactorial process. One aspect of this is the counterfeiting of antibiotic medications. This is supposed to be particularly high in developing countries, including Nigeria. Therefore, the potency of some antibiotic drugs dispensed in community pharmacies in Gwale, Kano, Nigeria, was investigated in this case study. Three products, each from different manufacturers, with the active ingredients of ceftriaxone, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and metronidazole, respectively, were included in this study. By means of a disc-diffusion assay, the effect against the typed strains Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) as well as Clostridium tetani isolated from soil was tested. Clinical isolates of S. aureus and E. coli were also used. While antibiotics, with the exception of ciprofloxacin-containing preparations against C. tetani, showed acceptable efficacy against the typed strains by comparison with the clinical science laboratory references, a predominant failure was observed with the clinical isolates. Thus, the investigated drug preparations can be considered of acceptable quality for the treatment of susceptible bacterial infections. This excludes counterfeits in the sampled preparations. However, the insufficient efficacy against clinical isolates further documents the severity of nosocomial bacteria.
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spelling pubmed-106686982023-10-31 Evaluating the Potency of Selected Antibiotic Medications Dispensed in Community Pharmacies in Gwale, Kano, Nigeria Mukhtar, Muhammad Dauda Rufa’i, Fatihu Ahmad Yola, Abdurrahaman Umar Babba, Nafisa Ibrahim Baecker, Daniel Antibiotics (Basel) Brief Report The worsening of antibiotic resistance is a multifactorial process. One aspect of this is the counterfeiting of antibiotic medications. This is supposed to be particularly high in developing countries, including Nigeria. Therefore, the potency of some antibiotic drugs dispensed in community pharmacies in Gwale, Kano, Nigeria, was investigated in this case study. Three products, each from different manufacturers, with the active ingredients of ceftriaxone, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and metronidazole, respectively, were included in this study. By means of a disc-diffusion assay, the effect against the typed strains Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) as well as Clostridium tetani isolated from soil was tested. Clinical isolates of S. aureus and E. coli were also used. While antibiotics, with the exception of ciprofloxacin-containing preparations against C. tetani, showed acceptable efficacy against the typed strains by comparison with the clinical science laboratory references, a predominant failure was observed with the clinical isolates. Thus, the investigated drug preparations can be considered of acceptable quality for the treatment of susceptible bacterial infections. This excludes counterfeits in the sampled preparations. However, the insufficient efficacy against clinical isolates further documents the severity of nosocomial bacteria. MDPI 2023-10-31 /pmc/articles/PMC10668698/ /pubmed/37998784 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12111582 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Brief Report
Mukhtar, Muhammad Dauda
Rufa’i, Fatihu Ahmad
Yola, Abdurrahaman Umar
Babba, Nafisa Ibrahim
Baecker, Daniel
Evaluating the Potency of Selected Antibiotic Medications Dispensed in Community Pharmacies in Gwale, Kano, Nigeria
title Evaluating the Potency of Selected Antibiotic Medications Dispensed in Community Pharmacies in Gwale, Kano, Nigeria
title_full Evaluating the Potency of Selected Antibiotic Medications Dispensed in Community Pharmacies in Gwale, Kano, Nigeria
title_fullStr Evaluating the Potency of Selected Antibiotic Medications Dispensed in Community Pharmacies in Gwale, Kano, Nigeria
title_full_unstemmed Evaluating the Potency of Selected Antibiotic Medications Dispensed in Community Pharmacies in Gwale, Kano, Nigeria
title_short Evaluating the Potency of Selected Antibiotic Medications Dispensed in Community Pharmacies in Gwale, Kano, Nigeria
title_sort evaluating the potency of selected antibiotic medications dispensed in community pharmacies in gwale, kano, nigeria
topic Brief Report
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10668698/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37998784
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12111582
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