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Evaluating the Potency of Selected Antibiotic Medications Dispensed in Community Pharmacies in Gwale, Kano, Nigeria
The worsening of antibiotic resistance is a multifactorial process. One aspect of this is the counterfeiting of antibiotic medications. This is supposed to be particularly high in developing countries, including Nigeria. Therefore, the potency of some antibiotic drugs dispensed in community pharmaci...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10668698/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37998784 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12111582 |
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author | Mukhtar, Muhammad Dauda Rufa’i, Fatihu Ahmad Yola, Abdurrahaman Umar Babba, Nafisa Ibrahim Baecker, Daniel |
author_facet | Mukhtar, Muhammad Dauda Rufa’i, Fatihu Ahmad Yola, Abdurrahaman Umar Babba, Nafisa Ibrahim Baecker, Daniel |
author_sort | Mukhtar, Muhammad Dauda |
collection | PubMed |
description | The worsening of antibiotic resistance is a multifactorial process. One aspect of this is the counterfeiting of antibiotic medications. This is supposed to be particularly high in developing countries, including Nigeria. Therefore, the potency of some antibiotic drugs dispensed in community pharmacies in Gwale, Kano, Nigeria, was investigated in this case study. Three products, each from different manufacturers, with the active ingredients of ceftriaxone, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and metronidazole, respectively, were included in this study. By means of a disc-diffusion assay, the effect against the typed strains Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) as well as Clostridium tetani isolated from soil was tested. Clinical isolates of S. aureus and E. coli were also used. While antibiotics, with the exception of ciprofloxacin-containing preparations against C. tetani, showed acceptable efficacy against the typed strains by comparison with the clinical science laboratory references, a predominant failure was observed with the clinical isolates. Thus, the investigated drug preparations can be considered of acceptable quality for the treatment of susceptible bacterial infections. This excludes counterfeits in the sampled preparations. However, the insufficient efficacy against clinical isolates further documents the severity of nosocomial bacteria. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10668698 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-106686982023-10-31 Evaluating the Potency of Selected Antibiotic Medications Dispensed in Community Pharmacies in Gwale, Kano, Nigeria Mukhtar, Muhammad Dauda Rufa’i, Fatihu Ahmad Yola, Abdurrahaman Umar Babba, Nafisa Ibrahim Baecker, Daniel Antibiotics (Basel) Brief Report The worsening of antibiotic resistance is a multifactorial process. One aspect of this is the counterfeiting of antibiotic medications. This is supposed to be particularly high in developing countries, including Nigeria. Therefore, the potency of some antibiotic drugs dispensed in community pharmacies in Gwale, Kano, Nigeria, was investigated in this case study. Three products, each from different manufacturers, with the active ingredients of ceftriaxone, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and metronidazole, respectively, were included in this study. By means of a disc-diffusion assay, the effect against the typed strains Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) as well as Clostridium tetani isolated from soil was tested. Clinical isolates of S. aureus and E. coli were also used. While antibiotics, with the exception of ciprofloxacin-containing preparations against C. tetani, showed acceptable efficacy against the typed strains by comparison with the clinical science laboratory references, a predominant failure was observed with the clinical isolates. Thus, the investigated drug preparations can be considered of acceptable quality for the treatment of susceptible bacterial infections. This excludes counterfeits in the sampled preparations. However, the insufficient efficacy against clinical isolates further documents the severity of nosocomial bacteria. MDPI 2023-10-31 /pmc/articles/PMC10668698/ /pubmed/37998784 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12111582 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Brief Report Mukhtar, Muhammad Dauda Rufa’i, Fatihu Ahmad Yola, Abdurrahaman Umar Babba, Nafisa Ibrahim Baecker, Daniel Evaluating the Potency of Selected Antibiotic Medications Dispensed in Community Pharmacies in Gwale, Kano, Nigeria |
title | Evaluating the Potency of Selected Antibiotic Medications Dispensed in Community Pharmacies in Gwale, Kano, Nigeria |
title_full | Evaluating the Potency of Selected Antibiotic Medications Dispensed in Community Pharmacies in Gwale, Kano, Nigeria |
title_fullStr | Evaluating the Potency of Selected Antibiotic Medications Dispensed in Community Pharmacies in Gwale, Kano, Nigeria |
title_full_unstemmed | Evaluating the Potency of Selected Antibiotic Medications Dispensed in Community Pharmacies in Gwale, Kano, Nigeria |
title_short | Evaluating the Potency of Selected Antibiotic Medications Dispensed in Community Pharmacies in Gwale, Kano, Nigeria |
title_sort | evaluating the potency of selected antibiotic medications dispensed in community pharmacies in gwale, kano, nigeria |
topic | Brief Report |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10668698/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37998784 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12111582 |
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