The Molecular Mechanisms of Fuel Utilization during Exercise

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Exercise has well-known health benefits, but the way our muscles use carbohydrates and lipids as fuel during exercise is complex. It is not just about the physical activity itself; it also depends on our body’s metabolic state. The balance between using carbs and fats affects exercise performance. This review aims to provide a comprehensive look at how our bodies choose fuel sources during exercise by summarizing existing research. Understanding this can lead to advancements in exercise science and personalized exercise strategies for better health and performance. ABSTRACT: Exercise is widely recognized for its positive impact on human health and well-being. The process of utilizing substrates in skeletal muscle during exercise is intricate and governed by complex mechanisms. Carbohydrates and lipids serve as the primary fuel sources for skeletal muscle during exercise. It is now understood that fuel selection during exercise is not solely determined by physical activity itself but is also influenced by the overall metabolic state of the body. The balance between lipid and carbohydrate utilization significantly affects exercise capacity, including endurance, fatigue, and overall performance. Therefore, comprehensively understanding the regulation of substrate utilization during exercise is of utmost importance. The aim of this review is to provide an extensive overview of the current knowledge regarding the pathways involved in the regulation of substrate utilization during exercise. By synthesizing existing research, we can gain a holistic perspective on the intricate relationship between exercise, metabolism, and fuel selection. This advanced understanding has the potential to drive advancements in the field of exercise science and contribute to the development of personalized exercise strategies for individuals looking to optimize their performance and overall health.