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Circular RNAs: A New Approach to Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis, a condition characterised by demyelination and axonal damage in the central nervous system, is due to autoreactive immune cells that recognise myelin antigens. Alteration of the immune balance can promote the onset of immune deficiencies, loss of immunosurveillance, and/or develo...

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Autores principales: Sciaccotta, Raffaele, Murdaca, Giuseppe, Caserta, Santino, Rizzo, Vincenzo, Gangemi, Sebastiano, Allegra, Alessandro
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10669154/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38001884
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11112883
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author Sciaccotta, Raffaele
Murdaca, Giuseppe
Caserta, Santino
Rizzo, Vincenzo
Gangemi, Sebastiano
Allegra, Alessandro
author_facet Sciaccotta, Raffaele
Murdaca, Giuseppe
Caserta, Santino
Rizzo, Vincenzo
Gangemi, Sebastiano
Allegra, Alessandro
author_sort Sciaccotta, Raffaele
collection PubMed
description Multiple sclerosis, a condition characterised by demyelination and axonal damage in the central nervous system, is due to autoreactive immune cells that recognise myelin antigens. Alteration of the immune balance can promote the onset of immune deficiencies, loss of immunosurveillance, and/or development of autoimmune disorders such as MS. Numerous enzymes, transcription factors, signal transducers, and membrane proteins contribute to the control of immune system activity. The “transcriptional machine” of eukaryotic cells is a complex system composed not only of mRNA but also of non-coding elements grouped together in the set of non-coding RNAs. Recent studies demonstrate that ncRNAs play a crucial role in numerous cellular functions, gene expression, and the pathogenesis of many immune disorders. The main purpose of this review is to investigate the role of circular RNAs, a previously unknown class of non-coding RNAs, in MS’s pathogenesis. CircRNAs influence post-transcriptional control, expression, and functionality of a microRNA and epigenetic factors, promoting the development of typical MS abnormalities such as neuroinflammation, damage to neuronal cells, and microglial dysfunction. The increase in our knowledge of the role of circRNAs in multiple sclerosis could, in the future, modify the common diagnostic–therapeutic criteria, paving the way to a new vision of this neuroimmune pathology.
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spelling pubmed-106691542023-10-24 Circular RNAs: A New Approach to Multiple Sclerosis Sciaccotta, Raffaele Murdaca, Giuseppe Caserta, Santino Rizzo, Vincenzo Gangemi, Sebastiano Allegra, Alessandro Biomedicines Review Multiple sclerosis, a condition characterised by demyelination and axonal damage in the central nervous system, is due to autoreactive immune cells that recognise myelin antigens. Alteration of the immune balance can promote the onset of immune deficiencies, loss of immunosurveillance, and/or development of autoimmune disorders such as MS. Numerous enzymes, transcription factors, signal transducers, and membrane proteins contribute to the control of immune system activity. The “transcriptional machine” of eukaryotic cells is a complex system composed not only of mRNA but also of non-coding elements grouped together in the set of non-coding RNAs. Recent studies demonstrate that ncRNAs play a crucial role in numerous cellular functions, gene expression, and the pathogenesis of many immune disorders. The main purpose of this review is to investigate the role of circular RNAs, a previously unknown class of non-coding RNAs, in MS’s pathogenesis. CircRNAs influence post-transcriptional control, expression, and functionality of a microRNA and epigenetic factors, promoting the development of typical MS abnormalities such as neuroinflammation, damage to neuronal cells, and microglial dysfunction. The increase in our knowledge of the role of circRNAs in multiple sclerosis could, in the future, modify the common diagnostic–therapeutic criteria, paving the way to a new vision of this neuroimmune pathology. MDPI 2023-10-24 /pmc/articles/PMC10669154/ /pubmed/38001884 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11112883 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Sciaccotta, Raffaele
Murdaca, Giuseppe
Caserta, Santino
Rizzo, Vincenzo
Gangemi, Sebastiano
Allegra, Alessandro
Circular RNAs: A New Approach to Multiple Sclerosis
title Circular RNAs: A New Approach to Multiple Sclerosis
title_full Circular RNAs: A New Approach to Multiple Sclerosis
title_fullStr Circular RNAs: A New Approach to Multiple Sclerosis
title_full_unstemmed Circular RNAs: A New Approach to Multiple Sclerosis
title_short Circular RNAs: A New Approach to Multiple Sclerosis
title_sort circular rnas: a new approach to multiple sclerosis
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10669154/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38001884
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11112883
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