Cargando…
Azadiradione, a Component of Neem Oil, Behaves as a Superoxide Dismutase Mimic When Scavenging the Superoxide Radical, as Shown Using DFT and Hydrodynamic Voltammetry
The neem tree, Azadirachta indica, belongs to the Meliaceae family, and its use in the treatment of medical disorders from ancient times to the present in the traditional medical practices of Asia, Africa and the Middle East is well-documented. Neem oil, extracted from the seeds of the fruit, is wid...
Autores principales: | , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10669394/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38002091 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11113091 |
_version_ | 1785149228829376512 |
---|---|
author | Sakib, Raiyan Caruso, Francesco Belli, Stuart Rossi, Miriam |
author_facet | Sakib, Raiyan Caruso, Francesco Belli, Stuart Rossi, Miriam |
author_sort | Sakib, Raiyan |
collection | PubMed |
description | The neem tree, Azadirachta indica, belongs to the Meliaceae family, and its use in the treatment of medical disorders from ancient times to the present in the traditional medical practices of Asia, Africa and the Middle East is well-documented. Neem oil, extracted from the seeds of the fruit, is widely used, with promising medicinal benefits. Azadiradione, a principal antioxidant component of the seeds of A. indica, is known to reduce oxidative stress and has anti-inflammatory effects. To directly measure the antioxidant ability of neem oil, we used Rotating Ring Disk Electrode (RRDE) hydrodynamic voltammetry to quantify how it can scavenge superoxide radical anions. The results of these experiments show that neem oil is approximately 26 times stronger than other natural products, such as olive oil, propolis and black seed oil, which were previously measured using this method. Next, computational Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods were used to arrive at a mechanism for the scavenging of superoxide radical anions with azadiradione. Our work indicates that azadiradione is an effective antioxidant and, according to our DFT study, its scavenging of the superoxide radical anion occurs through a reaction mechanism in which azadiradione mimics the antioxidant action of superoxide dismutase (SOD). In this mechanism, analogous to the SOD enzymatic reaction, azadiradione is regenerated, along with the production of two products: hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. This antioxidant process provides an explanation for azadiradione’s more general and protective biochemical effects. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10669394 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-106693942023-11-18 Azadiradione, a Component of Neem Oil, Behaves as a Superoxide Dismutase Mimic When Scavenging the Superoxide Radical, as Shown Using DFT and Hydrodynamic Voltammetry Sakib, Raiyan Caruso, Francesco Belli, Stuart Rossi, Miriam Biomedicines Article The neem tree, Azadirachta indica, belongs to the Meliaceae family, and its use in the treatment of medical disorders from ancient times to the present in the traditional medical practices of Asia, Africa and the Middle East is well-documented. Neem oil, extracted from the seeds of the fruit, is widely used, with promising medicinal benefits. Azadiradione, a principal antioxidant component of the seeds of A. indica, is known to reduce oxidative stress and has anti-inflammatory effects. To directly measure the antioxidant ability of neem oil, we used Rotating Ring Disk Electrode (RRDE) hydrodynamic voltammetry to quantify how it can scavenge superoxide radical anions. The results of these experiments show that neem oil is approximately 26 times stronger than other natural products, such as olive oil, propolis and black seed oil, which were previously measured using this method. Next, computational Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods were used to arrive at a mechanism for the scavenging of superoxide radical anions with azadiradione. Our work indicates that azadiradione is an effective antioxidant and, according to our DFT study, its scavenging of the superoxide radical anion occurs through a reaction mechanism in which azadiradione mimics the antioxidant action of superoxide dismutase (SOD). In this mechanism, analogous to the SOD enzymatic reaction, azadiradione is regenerated, along with the production of two products: hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. This antioxidant process provides an explanation for azadiradione’s more general and protective biochemical effects. MDPI 2023-11-18 /pmc/articles/PMC10669394/ /pubmed/38002091 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11113091 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Sakib, Raiyan Caruso, Francesco Belli, Stuart Rossi, Miriam Azadiradione, a Component of Neem Oil, Behaves as a Superoxide Dismutase Mimic When Scavenging the Superoxide Radical, as Shown Using DFT and Hydrodynamic Voltammetry |
title | Azadiradione, a Component of Neem Oil, Behaves as a Superoxide Dismutase Mimic When Scavenging the Superoxide Radical, as Shown Using DFT and Hydrodynamic Voltammetry |
title_full | Azadiradione, a Component of Neem Oil, Behaves as a Superoxide Dismutase Mimic When Scavenging the Superoxide Radical, as Shown Using DFT and Hydrodynamic Voltammetry |
title_fullStr | Azadiradione, a Component of Neem Oil, Behaves as a Superoxide Dismutase Mimic When Scavenging the Superoxide Radical, as Shown Using DFT and Hydrodynamic Voltammetry |
title_full_unstemmed | Azadiradione, a Component of Neem Oil, Behaves as a Superoxide Dismutase Mimic When Scavenging the Superoxide Radical, as Shown Using DFT and Hydrodynamic Voltammetry |
title_short | Azadiradione, a Component of Neem Oil, Behaves as a Superoxide Dismutase Mimic When Scavenging the Superoxide Radical, as Shown Using DFT and Hydrodynamic Voltammetry |
title_sort | azadiradione, a component of neem oil, behaves as a superoxide dismutase mimic when scavenging the superoxide radical, as shown using dft and hydrodynamic voltammetry |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10669394/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38002091 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11113091 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT sakibraiyan azadiradioneacomponentofneemoilbehavesasasuperoxidedismutasemimicwhenscavengingthesuperoxideradicalasshownusingdftandhydrodynamicvoltammetry AT carusofrancesco azadiradioneacomponentofneemoilbehavesasasuperoxidedismutasemimicwhenscavengingthesuperoxideradicalasshownusingdftandhydrodynamicvoltammetry AT bellistuart azadiradioneacomponentofneemoilbehavesasasuperoxidedismutasemimicwhenscavengingthesuperoxideradicalasshownusingdftandhydrodynamicvoltammetry AT rossimiriam azadiradioneacomponentofneemoilbehavesasasuperoxidedismutasemimicwhenscavengingthesuperoxideradicalasshownusingdftandhydrodynamicvoltammetry |