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Gibberellic Acid Inhibits Dendrobium nobile—Piriformospora Symbiosis by Regulating the Expression of Cell Wall Metabolism Genes

Orchid seeds lack endosperms and depend on mycorrhizal fungi for germination and nutrition acquisition under natural conditions. Piriformospora indica is a mycorrhizal fungus that promotes seed germination and seedling development in epiphytic orchids, such as Dendrobium nobile. To understand the im...

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Autores principales: Chen, Hong, Li, Yefei, Yin, Yuying, Li, Ji, Li, Lin, Wu, Kunlin, Fang, Lin, Zeng, Songjun
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10669577/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38002331
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13111649
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author Chen, Hong
Li, Yefei
Yin, Yuying
Li, Ji
Li, Lin
Wu, Kunlin
Fang, Lin
Zeng, Songjun
author_facet Chen, Hong
Li, Yefei
Yin, Yuying
Li, Ji
Li, Lin
Wu, Kunlin
Fang, Lin
Zeng, Songjun
author_sort Chen, Hong
collection PubMed
description Orchid seeds lack endosperms and depend on mycorrhizal fungi for germination and nutrition acquisition under natural conditions. Piriformospora indica is a mycorrhizal fungus that promotes seed germination and seedling development in epiphytic orchids, such as Dendrobium nobile. To understand the impact of P. indica on D. nobile seed germination, we examined endogenous hormone levels by using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. We performed transcriptomic analysis of D. nobile protocorm at two developmental stages under asymbiotic germination (AG) and symbiotic germination (SG) conditions. The result showed that the level of endogenous IAA in the SG protocorm treatments was significantly higher than that in the AG protocorm treatments. Meanwhile, GA(3) was only detected in the SG protocorm stages. IAA and GA synthesis and signaling genes were upregulated in the SG protocorm stages. Exogenous GA(3) application inhibited fungal colonization inside the protocorm, and a GA biosynthesis inhibitor (PAC) promoted fungal colonization. Furthermore, we found that PAC prevented fungal hyphae collapse and degeneration in the protocorm, and differentially expressed genes related to cell wall metabolism were identified between the SG and AG protocorm stages. Exogenous GA(3) upregulated SRC2 and LRX4 expression, leading to decreased fungal colonization. Meanwhile, GA inhibitors upregulated EXP6, EXB16, and EXP10-2 expression, leading to increased fungal colonization. Our findings suggest that GA regulates the expression of cell wall metabolism genes in D. nobile, thereby inhibiting the establishment of mycorrhizal symbiosis.
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spelling pubmed-106695772023-11-14 Gibberellic Acid Inhibits Dendrobium nobile—Piriformospora Symbiosis by Regulating the Expression of Cell Wall Metabolism Genes Chen, Hong Li, Yefei Yin, Yuying Li, Ji Li, Lin Wu, Kunlin Fang, Lin Zeng, Songjun Biomolecules Article Orchid seeds lack endosperms and depend on mycorrhizal fungi for germination and nutrition acquisition under natural conditions. Piriformospora indica is a mycorrhizal fungus that promotes seed germination and seedling development in epiphytic orchids, such as Dendrobium nobile. To understand the impact of P. indica on D. nobile seed germination, we examined endogenous hormone levels by using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. We performed transcriptomic analysis of D. nobile protocorm at two developmental stages under asymbiotic germination (AG) and symbiotic germination (SG) conditions. The result showed that the level of endogenous IAA in the SG protocorm treatments was significantly higher than that in the AG protocorm treatments. Meanwhile, GA(3) was only detected in the SG protocorm stages. IAA and GA synthesis and signaling genes were upregulated in the SG protocorm stages. Exogenous GA(3) application inhibited fungal colonization inside the protocorm, and a GA biosynthesis inhibitor (PAC) promoted fungal colonization. Furthermore, we found that PAC prevented fungal hyphae collapse and degeneration in the protocorm, and differentially expressed genes related to cell wall metabolism were identified between the SG and AG protocorm stages. Exogenous GA(3) upregulated SRC2 and LRX4 expression, leading to decreased fungal colonization. Meanwhile, GA inhibitors upregulated EXP6, EXB16, and EXP10-2 expression, leading to increased fungal colonization. Our findings suggest that GA regulates the expression of cell wall metabolism genes in D. nobile, thereby inhibiting the establishment of mycorrhizal symbiosis. MDPI 2023-11-14 /pmc/articles/PMC10669577/ /pubmed/38002331 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13111649 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Chen, Hong
Li, Yefei
Yin, Yuying
Li, Ji
Li, Lin
Wu, Kunlin
Fang, Lin
Zeng, Songjun
Gibberellic Acid Inhibits Dendrobium nobile—Piriformospora Symbiosis by Regulating the Expression of Cell Wall Metabolism Genes
title Gibberellic Acid Inhibits Dendrobium nobile—Piriformospora Symbiosis by Regulating the Expression of Cell Wall Metabolism Genes
title_full Gibberellic Acid Inhibits Dendrobium nobile—Piriformospora Symbiosis by Regulating the Expression of Cell Wall Metabolism Genes
title_fullStr Gibberellic Acid Inhibits Dendrobium nobile—Piriformospora Symbiosis by Regulating the Expression of Cell Wall Metabolism Genes
title_full_unstemmed Gibberellic Acid Inhibits Dendrobium nobile—Piriformospora Symbiosis by Regulating the Expression of Cell Wall Metabolism Genes
title_short Gibberellic Acid Inhibits Dendrobium nobile—Piriformospora Symbiosis by Regulating the Expression of Cell Wall Metabolism Genes
title_sort gibberellic acid inhibits dendrobium nobile—piriformospora symbiosis by regulating the expression of cell wall metabolism genes
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10669577/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38002331
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13111649
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