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Topical Delivery of Terbinafine HCL Using Nanogels: A New Approach to Superficial Fungal Infection Treatment
This study investigated pH-responsive Terbinafine HCL (TBH)-loaded nanogels as a new approach to treating superficial fungal infections. Acrylic acid (AA) is a synthetic monomer that was crosslinked with a natural polymer (gelatin) using a free radical polymerization technique to fabricate gelatin-g...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10670406/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37998931 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9110841 |
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author | Hassan, Shams ul Khalid, Ikrima Hussain, Liaqat Imam, Mohammad T. Shahid, Imran |
author_facet | Hassan, Shams ul Khalid, Ikrima Hussain, Liaqat Imam, Mohammad T. Shahid, Imran |
author_sort | Hassan, Shams ul |
collection | PubMed |
description | This study investigated pH-responsive Terbinafine HCL (TBH)-loaded nanogels as a new approach to treating superficial fungal infections. Acrylic acid (AA) is a synthetic monomer that was crosslinked with a natural polymer (gelatin) using a free radical polymerization technique to fabricate gelatin-g-poly-(acrylic acid) nanogels. Ammonium persulphate (APS) and N, N′-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) were used as the initiator and crosslinker, respectively. Developed gelatin-g-poly-(acrylic acid) nanogels were evaluated for the swelling study (pH 1.2, 5, 7.4), DEE, particle size, FTIR, thermal stability (TGA, DSC), XRD, SEM, DEE, and in vitro drug release study to obtain optimized nanogels. Optimized nanogels were incorporated into 1% HPMC gel and then evaluated in comparison with Lamisil cream 1% for TBH stratum corneum retention, skin irritation, and in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity studies. Optimized nanogels (AAG 7) demonstrated a 255 nm particle size, 82.37% DEE, pH-dependent swelling, 92.15% of drug release (pH) 7.4 within 12 h, and a larger zone of inhibition compared to Lamisil cream. HPMC-loaded nanogels significantly improved the TBH skin retention percentage, as revealed by an ex vivo skin retention study, indicating the usefulness of nanogels for topical use. In vivo studies conducted on animal models infected with a fungal infection have further confirmed the effectiveness of nanogels compared with the Lamisil cream. Hence, Gelatin-g-poly-(acrylic acid) nanogels carrying poorly soluble TBH can be a promising approach for treating superficial fungal infections. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10670406 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-106704062023-10-24 Topical Delivery of Terbinafine HCL Using Nanogels: A New Approach to Superficial Fungal Infection Treatment Hassan, Shams ul Khalid, Ikrima Hussain, Liaqat Imam, Mohammad T. Shahid, Imran Gels Article This study investigated pH-responsive Terbinafine HCL (TBH)-loaded nanogels as a new approach to treating superficial fungal infections. Acrylic acid (AA) is a synthetic monomer that was crosslinked with a natural polymer (gelatin) using a free radical polymerization technique to fabricate gelatin-g-poly-(acrylic acid) nanogels. Ammonium persulphate (APS) and N, N′-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) were used as the initiator and crosslinker, respectively. Developed gelatin-g-poly-(acrylic acid) nanogels were evaluated for the swelling study (pH 1.2, 5, 7.4), DEE, particle size, FTIR, thermal stability (TGA, DSC), XRD, SEM, DEE, and in vitro drug release study to obtain optimized nanogels. Optimized nanogels were incorporated into 1% HPMC gel and then evaluated in comparison with Lamisil cream 1% for TBH stratum corneum retention, skin irritation, and in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity studies. Optimized nanogels (AAG 7) demonstrated a 255 nm particle size, 82.37% DEE, pH-dependent swelling, 92.15% of drug release (pH) 7.4 within 12 h, and a larger zone of inhibition compared to Lamisil cream. HPMC-loaded nanogels significantly improved the TBH skin retention percentage, as revealed by an ex vivo skin retention study, indicating the usefulness of nanogels for topical use. In vivo studies conducted on animal models infected with a fungal infection have further confirmed the effectiveness of nanogels compared with the Lamisil cream. Hence, Gelatin-g-poly-(acrylic acid) nanogels carrying poorly soluble TBH can be a promising approach for treating superficial fungal infections. MDPI 2023-10-24 /pmc/articles/PMC10670406/ /pubmed/37998931 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9110841 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Hassan, Shams ul Khalid, Ikrima Hussain, Liaqat Imam, Mohammad T. Shahid, Imran Topical Delivery of Terbinafine HCL Using Nanogels: A New Approach to Superficial Fungal Infection Treatment |
title | Topical Delivery of Terbinafine HCL Using Nanogels: A New Approach to Superficial Fungal Infection Treatment |
title_full | Topical Delivery of Terbinafine HCL Using Nanogels: A New Approach to Superficial Fungal Infection Treatment |
title_fullStr | Topical Delivery of Terbinafine HCL Using Nanogels: A New Approach to Superficial Fungal Infection Treatment |
title_full_unstemmed | Topical Delivery of Terbinafine HCL Using Nanogels: A New Approach to Superficial Fungal Infection Treatment |
title_short | Topical Delivery of Terbinafine HCL Using Nanogels: A New Approach to Superficial Fungal Infection Treatment |
title_sort | topical delivery of terbinafine hcl using nanogels: a new approach to superficial fungal infection treatment |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10670406/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37998931 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9110841 |
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