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Lung Carcinoids: A Comprehensive Review for Clinicians

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Lung carcinoids are divided into typical and atypical. Most tumors are slow-growing yet have malignant potential, which is more common in patients harboring atypical carcinoids. A large proportion of these patients are diagnosed incidentally on chest X-ray or CT scan. Cough, dyspnea,...

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Autores principales: Granberg, Dan, Juhlin, Carl Christofer, Falhammar, Henrik, Hedayati, Elham
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10670505/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38001701
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15225440
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author Granberg, Dan
Juhlin, Carl Christofer
Falhammar, Henrik
Hedayati, Elham
author_facet Granberg, Dan
Juhlin, Carl Christofer
Falhammar, Henrik
Hedayati, Elham
author_sort Granberg, Dan
collection PubMed
description SIMPLE SUMMARY: Lung carcinoids are divided into typical and atypical. Most tumors are slow-growing yet have malignant potential, which is more common in patients harboring atypical carcinoids. A large proportion of these patients are diagnosed incidentally on chest X-ray or CT scan. Cough, dyspnea, or recurrent pneumonia are common presenting symptoms. Endocrine symptoms, such as carcinoid syndrome or ectopic Cushing’s syndrome, are uncommon. Most individuals are cured by surgery, but some tumors metastasize. For patients with metastatic disease, chemotherapy, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), or targeted therapies are alternatives. In this article, we review the pathology, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with lung carcinoids. ABSTRACT: Lung carcinoids are neuroendocrine tumors, categorized as typical or atypical carcinoids based on their histological appearance. While most of these tumors are slow-growing neoplasms, they still possess malignant potential. Many patients are diagnosed incidentally on chest X-rays or CT scans. Presenting symptoms include cough, hemoptysis, wheezing, dyspnea, and recurrent pneumonia. Endocrine symptoms, such as carcinoid syndrome or ectopic Cushing’s syndrome, are rare. Surgery is the primary treatment and should be considered in all patients with localized disease, even when thoracic lymph node metastases are present. Patients with distant metastases may be treated with somatostatin analogues, chemotherapy, preferably temozolomide-based, mTOR inhibitors, or peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with (177)Lu-DOTATATE. Most patients have an excellent prognosis. Poor prognostic factors include atypical histology and lymph node metastases at diagnosis. Long-term follow-up is mandatory since metastases may occur late.
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spelling pubmed-106705052023-11-16 Lung Carcinoids: A Comprehensive Review for Clinicians Granberg, Dan Juhlin, Carl Christofer Falhammar, Henrik Hedayati, Elham Cancers (Basel) Review SIMPLE SUMMARY: Lung carcinoids are divided into typical and atypical. Most tumors are slow-growing yet have malignant potential, which is more common in patients harboring atypical carcinoids. A large proportion of these patients are diagnosed incidentally on chest X-ray or CT scan. Cough, dyspnea, or recurrent pneumonia are common presenting symptoms. Endocrine symptoms, such as carcinoid syndrome or ectopic Cushing’s syndrome, are uncommon. Most individuals are cured by surgery, but some tumors metastasize. For patients with metastatic disease, chemotherapy, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), or targeted therapies are alternatives. In this article, we review the pathology, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with lung carcinoids. ABSTRACT: Lung carcinoids are neuroendocrine tumors, categorized as typical or atypical carcinoids based on their histological appearance. While most of these tumors are slow-growing neoplasms, they still possess malignant potential. Many patients are diagnosed incidentally on chest X-rays or CT scans. Presenting symptoms include cough, hemoptysis, wheezing, dyspnea, and recurrent pneumonia. Endocrine symptoms, such as carcinoid syndrome or ectopic Cushing’s syndrome, are rare. Surgery is the primary treatment and should be considered in all patients with localized disease, even when thoracic lymph node metastases are present. Patients with distant metastases may be treated with somatostatin analogues, chemotherapy, preferably temozolomide-based, mTOR inhibitors, or peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with (177)Lu-DOTATATE. Most patients have an excellent prognosis. Poor prognostic factors include atypical histology and lymph node metastases at diagnosis. Long-term follow-up is mandatory since metastases may occur late. MDPI 2023-11-16 /pmc/articles/PMC10670505/ /pubmed/38001701 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15225440 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Granberg, Dan
Juhlin, Carl Christofer
Falhammar, Henrik
Hedayati, Elham
Lung Carcinoids: A Comprehensive Review for Clinicians
title Lung Carcinoids: A Comprehensive Review for Clinicians
title_full Lung Carcinoids: A Comprehensive Review for Clinicians
title_fullStr Lung Carcinoids: A Comprehensive Review for Clinicians
title_full_unstemmed Lung Carcinoids: A Comprehensive Review for Clinicians
title_short Lung Carcinoids: A Comprehensive Review for Clinicians
title_sort lung carcinoids: a comprehensive review for clinicians
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10670505/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38001701
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15225440
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