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Enhancing Diagnostic Decision-Making: Ensemble Learning Techniques for Reliable Stress Level Classification

An intense level of academic pressure causes students to experience stress, and if this stress is not addressed, it can cause adverse mental and physical effects. Since the pandemic situation, students have received more assignments and other tasks due to the shift of classes to an online mode. Stud...

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Autores principales: Anand, Raghav V., Md, Abdul Quadir, Urooj, Shabana, Mohan, Senthilkumar, Alawad, Mohamad A., C., Adittya
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10670633/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37998591
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13223455
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author Anand, Raghav V.
Md, Abdul Quadir
Urooj, Shabana
Mohan, Senthilkumar
Alawad, Mohamad A.
C., Adittya
author_facet Anand, Raghav V.
Md, Abdul Quadir
Urooj, Shabana
Mohan, Senthilkumar
Alawad, Mohamad A.
C., Adittya
author_sort Anand, Raghav V.
collection PubMed
description An intense level of academic pressure causes students to experience stress, and if this stress is not addressed, it can cause adverse mental and physical effects. Since the pandemic situation, students have received more assignments and other tasks due to the shift of classes to an online mode. Students may not realize that they are stressed, but it may be evident from other factors, including sleep deprivation and changes in eating habits. In this context, this paper presents a novel ensemble learning approach that proposes an architecture for stress level classification. It analyzes certain factors such as the sleep hours, productive time periods, screen time, weekly assignments and their submission statuses, and the studying methodology that contribute to stress among the students by collecting a survey from the student community. The survey data are preprocessed to categorize stress levels into three categories: highly stressed, manageable stress, and no stress. For the analysis of the minority class, oversampling methodology is used to remove the imbalance in the dataset, and decision tree, random forest classifier, AdaBoost, gradient boost, and ensemble learning algorithms with various combinations are implemented. To assess the model’s performance, different metrics were used, such as the confusion matrix, accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. The results showed that the efficient ensemble learning academic stress classifier gave an accuracy of 93.48% and an F1 score of 93.14%. Fivefold cross-validation was also performed, and an accuracy of 93.45% was achieved. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) value gave an accuracy of 98% for the no-stress category, while providing a 91% true positive rate for manageable and high-stress classes. The proposed ensemble learning with fivefold cross-validation outperformed various state-of-the-art algorithms to predict the stress level accurately. By using these results, students can identify areas for improvement, thereby reducing their stress levels and altering their academic lifestyles, thereby making our stress prediction approach more effective.
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spelling pubmed-106706332023-11-16 Enhancing Diagnostic Decision-Making: Ensemble Learning Techniques for Reliable Stress Level Classification Anand, Raghav V. Md, Abdul Quadir Urooj, Shabana Mohan, Senthilkumar Alawad, Mohamad A. C., Adittya Diagnostics (Basel) Article An intense level of academic pressure causes students to experience stress, and if this stress is not addressed, it can cause adverse mental and physical effects. Since the pandemic situation, students have received more assignments and other tasks due to the shift of classes to an online mode. Students may not realize that they are stressed, but it may be evident from other factors, including sleep deprivation and changes in eating habits. In this context, this paper presents a novel ensemble learning approach that proposes an architecture for stress level classification. It analyzes certain factors such as the sleep hours, productive time periods, screen time, weekly assignments and their submission statuses, and the studying methodology that contribute to stress among the students by collecting a survey from the student community. The survey data are preprocessed to categorize stress levels into three categories: highly stressed, manageable stress, and no stress. For the analysis of the minority class, oversampling methodology is used to remove the imbalance in the dataset, and decision tree, random forest classifier, AdaBoost, gradient boost, and ensemble learning algorithms with various combinations are implemented. To assess the model’s performance, different metrics were used, such as the confusion matrix, accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. The results showed that the efficient ensemble learning academic stress classifier gave an accuracy of 93.48% and an F1 score of 93.14%. Fivefold cross-validation was also performed, and an accuracy of 93.45% was achieved. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) value gave an accuracy of 98% for the no-stress category, while providing a 91% true positive rate for manageable and high-stress classes. The proposed ensemble learning with fivefold cross-validation outperformed various state-of-the-art algorithms to predict the stress level accurately. By using these results, students can identify areas for improvement, thereby reducing their stress levels and altering their academic lifestyles, thereby making our stress prediction approach more effective. MDPI 2023-11-16 /pmc/articles/PMC10670633/ /pubmed/37998591 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13223455 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Anand, Raghav V.
Md, Abdul Quadir
Urooj, Shabana
Mohan, Senthilkumar
Alawad, Mohamad A.
C., Adittya
Enhancing Diagnostic Decision-Making: Ensemble Learning Techniques for Reliable Stress Level Classification
title Enhancing Diagnostic Decision-Making: Ensemble Learning Techniques for Reliable Stress Level Classification
title_full Enhancing Diagnostic Decision-Making: Ensemble Learning Techniques for Reliable Stress Level Classification
title_fullStr Enhancing Diagnostic Decision-Making: Ensemble Learning Techniques for Reliable Stress Level Classification
title_full_unstemmed Enhancing Diagnostic Decision-Making: Ensemble Learning Techniques for Reliable Stress Level Classification
title_short Enhancing Diagnostic Decision-Making: Ensemble Learning Techniques for Reliable Stress Level Classification
title_sort enhancing diagnostic decision-making: ensemble learning techniques for reliable stress level classification
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10670633/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37998591
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13223455
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