Simulations of the Characteristics of the Entropy Mode in Dipole-Magnetic-Confined Plasmas

Plasmas confined in a dipole magnetic field widely exist in both space and laboratories, and this kind of plasma draws much attention from researchers both in plasma physics and in space science. In this paper, the characteristics of the collisionless electrostatic instability of the entropy mode in a dipole-magnetic-confined plasma are simulated with the linear gyrokinetic model. It is found that the entropy mode can be generated in dipole-magnetic-confined plasmas, and there are two typical stages of the entropy mode, with another transitional stage at different values of η. The main instability changes from the ion diamagnetic drift to the electronic diamagnetic drift as η becomes larger. In addition, the MHD mode predicts that the most stable point is at η~2/3 when k(⊥)ρ(i) << 1. However, we find that η and k(⊥)ρ(i) are coupled with each other, and the most stable point of the mode moves gradually to η~1 as k(⊥)ρ(i) increases. There is a peak value for the entropy mode growth rate around k(⊥)ρ(i)~1.0, and more complicated modes are induced so that the dispersion relation has been changed when the driving force of the plasma pressure gradient effect is obvious. For example, the characteristics of the interchange-like modes gradually emerge when the driving effect of the plasma pressure becomes stronger. Further investigations should be taken to reveal the characteristics of the entropy mode in magnetospheric plasmas.