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Differential Expression of Circadian Clock Genes in the Bovine Neuroendocrine Adrenal System

Knowledge of circadian rhythm clock gene expression outside the suprachiasmatic nucleus is increasing. The purpose of this study was to determine whether expression of circadian clock genes differed within or among the bovine stress axis tissues (e.g., amygdala, hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal cort...

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Autores principales: Earnhardt-San, Audrey L., Baker, Emilie C., Riley, David G., Ghaffari, Noushin, Long, Charles R., Cardoso, Rodolfo C., Randel, Ronald D., Welsh, Thomas H.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10670998/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38003025
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14112082
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author Earnhardt-San, Audrey L.
Baker, Emilie C.
Riley, David G.
Ghaffari, Noushin
Long, Charles R.
Cardoso, Rodolfo C.
Randel, Ronald D.
Welsh, Thomas H.
author_facet Earnhardt-San, Audrey L.
Baker, Emilie C.
Riley, David G.
Ghaffari, Noushin
Long, Charles R.
Cardoso, Rodolfo C.
Randel, Ronald D.
Welsh, Thomas H.
author_sort Earnhardt-San, Audrey L.
collection PubMed
description Knowledge of circadian rhythm clock gene expression outside the suprachiasmatic nucleus is increasing. The purpose of this study was to determine whether expression of circadian clock genes differed within or among the bovine stress axis tissues (e.g., amygdala, hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal cortex, and adrenal medulla). Tissues were obtained at an abattoir from eight mature nonpregnant Brahman cows that had been maintained in the same pasture and nutritional conditions. Sample tissues were stored in RNase-free sterile cryovials at −80 °C until the total RNA was extracted, quantified, assessed, and sequenced (NovaSeq 6000 system; paired-end 150 bp cycles). The trimmed reads were then mapped to a Bos taurus (B. taurus) reference genome (Umd3.1). Further analysis used the edgeR package. Raw gene count tables were read into RStudio, and low-expression genes were filtered out using the criteria of three minimum reads per gene in at least five samples. Normalization factors were then calculated using the trimmed mean of M values method to produce normalized gene counts within each sample tissue. The normalized gene counts important for a circadian rhythm were analyzed within and between each tissue of the stress axis using the GLM and CORR procedures of the Statistical Analysis System (SAS). The relative expression profiles of circadian clock genes differed (p < 0.01) within each tissue, with neuronal PAS domain protein 2 (NPAS2) having greater expression in the amygdala (p < 0.01) and period circadian regulator (PER1) having greater expression in all other tissues (p < 0.01). The expression among tissues also differed (p < 0.01) for individual circadian clock genes, with circadian locomotor output cycles protein kaput (CLOCK) expression being greater within the adrenal tissues and nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 1 (NR1D1) expression being greater within the other tissues (p < 0.01). Overall, the results indicate that within each tissue, the various circadian clock genes were differentially expressed, in addition to being differentially expressed among the stress tissues of mature Brahman cows. Future use of these findings may assist in improving livestock husbandry and welfare by understanding interactions of the environment, stress responsiveness, and peripheral circadian rhythms.
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spelling pubmed-106709982023-11-15 Differential Expression of Circadian Clock Genes in the Bovine Neuroendocrine Adrenal System Earnhardt-San, Audrey L. Baker, Emilie C. Riley, David G. Ghaffari, Noushin Long, Charles R. Cardoso, Rodolfo C. Randel, Ronald D. Welsh, Thomas H. Genes (Basel) Article Knowledge of circadian rhythm clock gene expression outside the suprachiasmatic nucleus is increasing. The purpose of this study was to determine whether expression of circadian clock genes differed within or among the bovine stress axis tissues (e.g., amygdala, hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal cortex, and adrenal medulla). Tissues were obtained at an abattoir from eight mature nonpregnant Brahman cows that had been maintained in the same pasture and nutritional conditions. Sample tissues were stored in RNase-free sterile cryovials at −80 °C until the total RNA was extracted, quantified, assessed, and sequenced (NovaSeq 6000 system; paired-end 150 bp cycles). The trimmed reads were then mapped to a Bos taurus (B. taurus) reference genome (Umd3.1). Further analysis used the edgeR package. Raw gene count tables were read into RStudio, and low-expression genes were filtered out using the criteria of three minimum reads per gene in at least five samples. Normalization factors were then calculated using the trimmed mean of M values method to produce normalized gene counts within each sample tissue. The normalized gene counts important for a circadian rhythm were analyzed within and between each tissue of the stress axis using the GLM and CORR procedures of the Statistical Analysis System (SAS). The relative expression profiles of circadian clock genes differed (p < 0.01) within each tissue, with neuronal PAS domain protein 2 (NPAS2) having greater expression in the amygdala (p < 0.01) and period circadian regulator (PER1) having greater expression in all other tissues (p < 0.01). The expression among tissues also differed (p < 0.01) for individual circadian clock genes, with circadian locomotor output cycles protein kaput (CLOCK) expression being greater within the adrenal tissues and nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 1 (NR1D1) expression being greater within the other tissues (p < 0.01). Overall, the results indicate that within each tissue, the various circadian clock genes were differentially expressed, in addition to being differentially expressed among the stress tissues of mature Brahman cows. Future use of these findings may assist in improving livestock husbandry and welfare by understanding interactions of the environment, stress responsiveness, and peripheral circadian rhythms. MDPI 2023-11-15 /pmc/articles/PMC10670998/ /pubmed/38003025 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14112082 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Earnhardt-San, Audrey L.
Baker, Emilie C.
Riley, David G.
Ghaffari, Noushin
Long, Charles R.
Cardoso, Rodolfo C.
Randel, Ronald D.
Welsh, Thomas H.
Differential Expression of Circadian Clock Genes in the Bovine Neuroendocrine Adrenal System
title Differential Expression of Circadian Clock Genes in the Bovine Neuroendocrine Adrenal System
title_full Differential Expression of Circadian Clock Genes in the Bovine Neuroendocrine Adrenal System
title_fullStr Differential Expression of Circadian Clock Genes in the Bovine Neuroendocrine Adrenal System
title_full_unstemmed Differential Expression of Circadian Clock Genes in the Bovine Neuroendocrine Adrenal System
title_short Differential Expression of Circadian Clock Genes in the Bovine Neuroendocrine Adrenal System
title_sort differential expression of circadian clock genes in the bovine neuroendocrine adrenal system
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10670998/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38003025
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14112082
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