An Experimental Model of Proton-Beam-Induced Radiation Dermatitis In Vivo

Radiation dermatitis (RD) is one of the most common side effects of radiation therapy. However, to date, there is a lack of both specific treatments for RD and validated experimental animal models with the use of various sources of ionizing radiation (IR) applied in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a model of acute RD induced using proton radiation in mice. Acute RD (Grade 2–4) was obtained with doses of 30, 40, and 50 Gy, either with or without depilation. The developed model of RD was characterized by typical histological changes in the skin after irradiation. Moreover, the depilation contributed to a skin histology alteration of the irradiated mice. The assessment of animal vital signs indicated that there was no effect of proton irradiation on the well-being or general condition of the animals. This model can be used to develop effective therapeutic agents and study the pathogenesis of radiation-induced skin toxicity, including that caused by proton irradiation.