Cargando…

Molecular Machinery of Lipid Droplet Degradation and Turnover in Plants

Lipid droplets (LDs) are important organelles conserved across eukaryotes with a fascinating biogenesis and consumption cycle. Recent intensive research has focused on uncovering the cellular biology of LDs, with emphasis on their degradation. Briefly, two major pathways for LD degradation have been...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Qin, Zhaoxia, Wang, Tianyu, Zhao, Yanxiu, Ma, Changle, Shao, Qun
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10671748/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38003229
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms242216039
_version_ 1785140230419906560
author Qin, Zhaoxia
Wang, Tianyu
Zhao, Yanxiu
Ma, Changle
Shao, Qun
author_facet Qin, Zhaoxia
Wang, Tianyu
Zhao, Yanxiu
Ma, Changle
Shao, Qun
author_sort Qin, Zhaoxia
collection PubMed
description Lipid droplets (LDs) are important organelles conserved across eukaryotes with a fascinating biogenesis and consumption cycle. Recent intensive research has focused on uncovering the cellular biology of LDs, with emphasis on their degradation. Briefly, two major pathways for LD degradation have been recognized: (1) lipolysis, in which lipid degradation is catalyzed by lipases on the LD surface, and (2) lipophagy, in which LDs are degraded by autophagy. Both of these pathways require the collective actions of several lipolytic and proteolytic enzymes, some of which have been purified and analyzed for their in vitro activities. Furthermore, several genes encoding these proteins have been cloned and characterized. In seed plants, seed germination is initiated by the hydrolysis of stored lipids in LDs to provide energy and carbon equivalents for the germinating seedling. However, little is known about the mechanism regulating the LD mobilization. In this review, we focus on recent progress toward understanding how lipids are degraded and the specific pathways that coordinate LD mobilization in plants, aiming to provide an accurate and detailed outline of the process. This will set the stage for future studies of LD dynamics and help to utilize LDs to their full potential.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-10671748
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2023
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-106717482023-11-07 Molecular Machinery of Lipid Droplet Degradation and Turnover in Plants Qin, Zhaoxia Wang, Tianyu Zhao, Yanxiu Ma, Changle Shao, Qun Int J Mol Sci Review Lipid droplets (LDs) are important organelles conserved across eukaryotes with a fascinating biogenesis and consumption cycle. Recent intensive research has focused on uncovering the cellular biology of LDs, with emphasis on their degradation. Briefly, two major pathways for LD degradation have been recognized: (1) lipolysis, in which lipid degradation is catalyzed by lipases on the LD surface, and (2) lipophagy, in which LDs are degraded by autophagy. Both of these pathways require the collective actions of several lipolytic and proteolytic enzymes, some of which have been purified and analyzed for their in vitro activities. Furthermore, several genes encoding these proteins have been cloned and characterized. In seed plants, seed germination is initiated by the hydrolysis of stored lipids in LDs to provide energy and carbon equivalents for the germinating seedling. However, little is known about the mechanism regulating the LD mobilization. In this review, we focus on recent progress toward understanding how lipids are degraded and the specific pathways that coordinate LD mobilization in plants, aiming to provide an accurate and detailed outline of the process. This will set the stage for future studies of LD dynamics and help to utilize LDs to their full potential. MDPI 2023-11-07 /pmc/articles/PMC10671748/ /pubmed/38003229 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms242216039 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Qin, Zhaoxia
Wang, Tianyu
Zhao, Yanxiu
Ma, Changle
Shao, Qun
Molecular Machinery of Lipid Droplet Degradation and Turnover in Plants
title Molecular Machinery of Lipid Droplet Degradation and Turnover in Plants
title_full Molecular Machinery of Lipid Droplet Degradation and Turnover in Plants
title_fullStr Molecular Machinery of Lipid Droplet Degradation and Turnover in Plants
title_full_unstemmed Molecular Machinery of Lipid Droplet Degradation and Turnover in Plants
title_short Molecular Machinery of Lipid Droplet Degradation and Turnover in Plants
title_sort molecular machinery of lipid droplet degradation and turnover in plants
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10671748/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38003229
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms242216039
work_keys_str_mv AT qinzhaoxia molecularmachineryoflipiddropletdegradationandturnoverinplants
AT wangtianyu molecularmachineryoflipiddropletdegradationandturnoverinplants
AT zhaoyanxiu molecularmachineryoflipiddropletdegradationandturnoverinplants
AT machangle molecularmachineryoflipiddropletdegradationandturnoverinplants
AT shaoqun molecularmachineryoflipiddropletdegradationandturnoverinplants