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Sex Differences in E-Cigarette Use and Related Health Effects
Background: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) comprise a variety of products designed to deliver nicotine, flavorings, and other substances. To date, multiple epidemiological and experimental studies have reported a variety of health issues associated with their use, including respiratory toxicit...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10671806/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37998310 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20227079 |
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author | Alam, Fatima Silveyra, Patricia |
author_facet | Alam, Fatima Silveyra, Patricia |
author_sort | Alam, Fatima |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) comprise a variety of products designed to deliver nicotine, flavorings, and other substances. To date, multiple epidemiological and experimental studies have reported a variety of health issues associated with their use, including respiratory toxicity, exacerbation of respiratory conditions, and behavioral and physiological effects. While some of these effects appear to be sex- and/or gender-related, only a portion of the research has been conducted considering these variables. In this review, we sought to summarize the available literature on sex-specific effects and sex and gender differences, including predictors and risk factors, effects on organ systems, and behavioral effects. Methods: We searched and selected articles from 2018–2023 that included sex as a variable or reported sex differences on e-cigarette-associated effects. Results: We found 115 relevant studies published since 2018 that reported sex differences in a variety of outcomes. The main differences reported were related to reasons for initiation, including smoking history, types of devices and flavoring, polysubstance use, physiological responses to nicotine and toxicants in e-liquids, exacerbation of lung disease, and behavioral factors such as anxiety, depression, sexuality, and bullying. Conclusions: The available literature supports the notion that both sex and gender influence the susceptibility to the negative effects of e-cigarette use. Future research needs to consider sex and gender variables when addressing e-cigarette toxicity and other health-related consequences. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10671806 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-106718062023-11-18 Sex Differences in E-Cigarette Use and Related Health Effects Alam, Fatima Silveyra, Patricia Int J Environ Res Public Health Review Background: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) comprise a variety of products designed to deliver nicotine, flavorings, and other substances. To date, multiple epidemiological and experimental studies have reported a variety of health issues associated with their use, including respiratory toxicity, exacerbation of respiratory conditions, and behavioral and physiological effects. While some of these effects appear to be sex- and/or gender-related, only a portion of the research has been conducted considering these variables. In this review, we sought to summarize the available literature on sex-specific effects and sex and gender differences, including predictors and risk factors, effects on organ systems, and behavioral effects. Methods: We searched and selected articles from 2018–2023 that included sex as a variable or reported sex differences on e-cigarette-associated effects. Results: We found 115 relevant studies published since 2018 that reported sex differences in a variety of outcomes. The main differences reported were related to reasons for initiation, including smoking history, types of devices and flavoring, polysubstance use, physiological responses to nicotine and toxicants in e-liquids, exacerbation of lung disease, and behavioral factors such as anxiety, depression, sexuality, and bullying. Conclusions: The available literature supports the notion that both sex and gender influence the susceptibility to the negative effects of e-cigarette use. Future research needs to consider sex and gender variables when addressing e-cigarette toxicity and other health-related consequences. MDPI 2023-11-18 /pmc/articles/PMC10671806/ /pubmed/37998310 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20227079 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Alam, Fatima Silveyra, Patricia Sex Differences in E-Cigarette Use and Related Health Effects |
title | Sex Differences in E-Cigarette Use and Related Health Effects |
title_full | Sex Differences in E-Cigarette Use and Related Health Effects |
title_fullStr | Sex Differences in E-Cigarette Use and Related Health Effects |
title_full_unstemmed | Sex Differences in E-Cigarette Use and Related Health Effects |
title_short | Sex Differences in E-Cigarette Use and Related Health Effects |
title_sort | sex differences in e-cigarette use and related health effects |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10671806/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37998310 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20227079 |
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