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Sex Differences in E-Cigarette Use and Related Health Effects

Background: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) comprise a variety of products designed to deliver nicotine, flavorings, and other substances. To date, multiple epidemiological and experimental studies have reported a variety of health issues associated with their use, including respiratory toxicit...

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Autores principales: Alam, Fatima, Silveyra, Patricia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10671806/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37998310
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20227079
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author Alam, Fatima
Silveyra, Patricia
author_facet Alam, Fatima
Silveyra, Patricia
author_sort Alam, Fatima
collection PubMed
description Background: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) comprise a variety of products designed to deliver nicotine, flavorings, and other substances. To date, multiple epidemiological and experimental studies have reported a variety of health issues associated with their use, including respiratory toxicity, exacerbation of respiratory conditions, and behavioral and physiological effects. While some of these effects appear to be sex- and/or gender-related, only a portion of the research has been conducted considering these variables. In this review, we sought to summarize the available literature on sex-specific effects and sex and gender differences, including predictors and risk factors, effects on organ systems, and behavioral effects. Methods: We searched and selected articles from 2018–2023 that included sex as a variable or reported sex differences on e-cigarette-associated effects. Results: We found 115 relevant studies published since 2018 that reported sex differences in a variety of outcomes. The main differences reported were related to reasons for initiation, including smoking history, types of devices and flavoring, polysubstance use, physiological responses to nicotine and toxicants in e-liquids, exacerbation of lung disease, and behavioral factors such as anxiety, depression, sexuality, and bullying. Conclusions: The available literature supports the notion that both sex and gender influence the susceptibility to the negative effects of e-cigarette use. Future research needs to consider sex and gender variables when addressing e-cigarette toxicity and other health-related consequences.
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spelling pubmed-106718062023-11-18 Sex Differences in E-Cigarette Use and Related Health Effects Alam, Fatima Silveyra, Patricia Int J Environ Res Public Health Review Background: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) comprise a variety of products designed to deliver nicotine, flavorings, and other substances. To date, multiple epidemiological and experimental studies have reported a variety of health issues associated with their use, including respiratory toxicity, exacerbation of respiratory conditions, and behavioral and physiological effects. While some of these effects appear to be sex- and/or gender-related, only a portion of the research has been conducted considering these variables. In this review, we sought to summarize the available literature on sex-specific effects and sex and gender differences, including predictors and risk factors, effects on organ systems, and behavioral effects. Methods: We searched and selected articles from 2018–2023 that included sex as a variable or reported sex differences on e-cigarette-associated effects. Results: We found 115 relevant studies published since 2018 that reported sex differences in a variety of outcomes. The main differences reported were related to reasons for initiation, including smoking history, types of devices and flavoring, polysubstance use, physiological responses to nicotine and toxicants in e-liquids, exacerbation of lung disease, and behavioral factors such as anxiety, depression, sexuality, and bullying. Conclusions: The available literature supports the notion that both sex and gender influence the susceptibility to the negative effects of e-cigarette use. Future research needs to consider sex and gender variables when addressing e-cigarette toxicity and other health-related consequences. MDPI 2023-11-18 /pmc/articles/PMC10671806/ /pubmed/37998310 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20227079 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Alam, Fatima
Silveyra, Patricia
Sex Differences in E-Cigarette Use and Related Health Effects
title Sex Differences in E-Cigarette Use and Related Health Effects
title_full Sex Differences in E-Cigarette Use and Related Health Effects
title_fullStr Sex Differences in E-Cigarette Use and Related Health Effects
title_full_unstemmed Sex Differences in E-Cigarette Use and Related Health Effects
title_short Sex Differences in E-Cigarette Use and Related Health Effects
title_sort sex differences in e-cigarette use and related health effects
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10671806/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37998310
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20227079
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