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Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) Hulls Are a Rich Source of Fermentable Dietary Fibre and Bioactive Phytochemicals
Pseudo-cereals such as buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) are valid candidates to promote diet biodiversity and nutrition security in an era of global climate change. Buckwheat hulls (BHs) are currently an unexplored source of dietary fibre and bioactive phytochemicals. This study assessed the effects...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10671810/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38003497 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms242216310 |
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author | Zhang, Zhihong Fan, Songtao Duncan, Gary J. Morris, Amanda Henderson, Donna Morrice, Philip Russell, Wendy R. Duncan, Sylvia H. Neacsu, Madalina |
author_facet | Zhang, Zhihong Fan, Songtao Duncan, Gary J. Morris, Amanda Henderson, Donna Morrice, Philip Russell, Wendy R. Duncan, Sylvia H. Neacsu, Madalina |
author_sort | Zhang, Zhihong |
collection | PubMed |
description | Pseudo-cereals such as buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) are valid candidates to promote diet biodiversity and nutrition security in an era of global climate change. Buckwheat hulls (BHs) are currently an unexplored source of dietary fibre and bioactive phytochemicals. This study assessed the effects of several bioprocessing treatments (using enzymes, yeast, and combinations of both) on BHs’ nutrient and phytochemical content, their digestion and metabolism in vitro (using a gastrointestinal digestion model and mixed microbiota from human faeces). The metabolites were measured using targeted LC-MS/MS and GC analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to detect the impact on microbiota composition. BHs are rich in insoluble fibre (31.09 ± 0.22% as non-starch polysaccharides), protocatechuic acid (390.71 ± 31.72 mg/kg), and syringaresinol (125.60 ± 6.76 mg/kg). The bioprocessing treatments significantly increased the extractability of gallic acid, vanillic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid, vanillin, syringaldehyde, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, and syringaresinol in the alkaline-labile bound form, suggesting the bioaccessibility of these phytochemicals to the colon. Furthermore, one of the treatments, EC_2 treatment, increased significantly the in vitro upper gastrointestinal release of bioactive phytochemicals, especially for protocatechuic acid (p < 0.01). The BH fibre was fermentable, promoting the formation mainly of propionate and, to a lesser extent, butyrate formation. The EM_1 and EC_2 treatments effectively increased the content of insoluble fibre but had no effect on dietary fibre fermentation (p > 0.05). These findings promote the use of buckwheat hulls as a source of dietary fibre and phytochemicals to help meet dietary recommendations and needs. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10671810 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-106718102023-11-14 Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) Hulls Are a Rich Source of Fermentable Dietary Fibre and Bioactive Phytochemicals Zhang, Zhihong Fan, Songtao Duncan, Gary J. Morris, Amanda Henderson, Donna Morrice, Philip Russell, Wendy R. Duncan, Sylvia H. Neacsu, Madalina Int J Mol Sci Article Pseudo-cereals such as buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) are valid candidates to promote diet biodiversity and nutrition security in an era of global climate change. Buckwheat hulls (BHs) are currently an unexplored source of dietary fibre and bioactive phytochemicals. This study assessed the effects of several bioprocessing treatments (using enzymes, yeast, and combinations of both) on BHs’ nutrient and phytochemical content, their digestion and metabolism in vitro (using a gastrointestinal digestion model and mixed microbiota from human faeces). The metabolites were measured using targeted LC-MS/MS and GC analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to detect the impact on microbiota composition. BHs are rich in insoluble fibre (31.09 ± 0.22% as non-starch polysaccharides), protocatechuic acid (390.71 ± 31.72 mg/kg), and syringaresinol (125.60 ± 6.76 mg/kg). The bioprocessing treatments significantly increased the extractability of gallic acid, vanillic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid, vanillin, syringaldehyde, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, and syringaresinol in the alkaline-labile bound form, suggesting the bioaccessibility of these phytochemicals to the colon. Furthermore, one of the treatments, EC_2 treatment, increased significantly the in vitro upper gastrointestinal release of bioactive phytochemicals, especially for protocatechuic acid (p < 0.01). The BH fibre was fermentable, promoting the formation mainly of propionate and, to a lesser extent, butyrate formation. The EM_1 and EC_2 treatments effectively increased the content of insoluble fibre but had no effect on dietary fibre fermentation (p > 0.05). These findings promote the use of buckwheat hulls as a source of dietary fibre and phytochemicals to help meet dietary recommendations and needs. MDPI 2023-11-14 /pmc/articles/PMC10671810/ /pubmed/38003497 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms242216310 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Zhang, Zhihong Fan, Songtao Duncan, Gary J. Morris, Amanda Henderson, Donna Morrice, Philip Russell, Wendy R. Duncan, Sylvia H. Neacsu, Madalina Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) Hulls Are a Rich Source of Fermentable Dietary Fibre and Bioactive Phytochemicals |
title | Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) Hulls Are a Rich Source of Fermentable Dietary Fibre and Bioactive Phytochemicals |
title_full | Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) Hulls Are a Rich Source of Fermentable Dietary Fibre and Bioactive Phytochemicals |
title_fullStr | Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) Hulls Are a Rich Source of Fermentable Dietary Fibre and Bioactive Phytochemicals |
title_full_unstemmed | Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) Hulls Are a Rich Source of Fermentable Dietary Fibre and Bioactive Phytochemicals |
title_short | Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) Hulls Are a Rich Source of Fermentable Dietary Fibre and Bioactive Phytochemicals |
title_sort | buckwheat (fagopyrum esculentum) hulls are a rich source of fermentable dietary fibre and bioactive phytochemicals |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10671810/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38003497 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms242216310 |
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