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Can Dual Infrared–Visual Thermography Provide a More Reliable Diagnosis of Perforator Veins and Reflux Severity?

The accurate identification of perforator veins (PV) in asymptomatic veins that do not meet the criteria established by venous Doppler (VD) is a complex challenge, considered the gold standard in diagnosis, and is operator-dependent. This study explored the potential of dual infrared–visual thermogr...

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Autores principales: Dávalos, Marcelo Pastor Almada, Brioschi, Marcos Leal, da Rosa, Samir Ezequiel, Brioschi, Gabriel Carneiro, Neves, Eduardo Borba
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10672064/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38002697
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12227085
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author Dávalos, Marcelo Pastor Almada
Brioschi, Marcos Leal
da Rosa, Samir Ezequiel
Brioschi, Gabriel Carneiro
Neves, Eduardo Borba
author_facet Dávalos, Marcelo Pastor Almada
Brioschi, Marcos Leal
da Rosa, Samir Ezequiel
Brioschi, Gabriel Carneiro
Neves, Eduardo Borba
author_sort Dávalos, Marcelo Pastor Almada
collection PubMed
description The accurate identification of perforator veins (PV) in asymptomatic veins that do not meet the criteria established by venous Doppler (VD) is a complex challenge, considered the gold standard in diagnosis, and is operator-dependent. This study explored the potential of dual infrared–visual thermography (IRVT) to identify PV in 99 patients aged 29 to 80 years. IRVT was conducted using a high-definition hyperspectral visual–infrared sensor. The temperature difference (ΔT) between maximum temperature (Tmax) and minimum temperature (Tmin) within the region of interest (ROI) served as an indicator for assessing vascular dysfunction severity. Comparative analysis was performed with VD results obtained using a Doppler ultrasound unit equipped with a 7.5 MHz linear transducer. Significant statistical differences (p < 0.05) in ΔT (Tmax−Tmin) were observed among PV sites categorized by reflux severity: no reflux (ΔT = 1.2 °C), mild reflux (ΔT = 1.8 °C), moderate reflux (ΔT = 2.9 °C), and severe reflux (ΔT = 3.6 °C). This study concludes that IRVT effectively distinguishes varying degrees of vascular reflux severity. IRVT shows promise as a non-invasive, radiation-free tool to enhance PV identification, especially in challenging cases, potentially improving patient outcomes and healthcare management. Further research is required to validate and refine its diagnostic utility.
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spelling pubmed-106720642023-11-14 Can Dual Infrared–Visual Thermography Provide a More Reliable Diagnosis of Perforator Veins and Reflux Severity? Dávalos, Marcelo Pastor Almada Brioschi, Marcos Leal da Rosa, Samir Ezequiel Brioschi, Gabriel Carneiro Neves, Eduardo Borba J Clin Med Article The accurate identification of perforator veins (PV) in asymptomatic veins that do not meet the criteria established by venous Doppler (VD) is a complex challenge, considered the gold standard in diagnosis, and is operator-dependent. This study explored the potential of dual infrared–visual thermography (IRVT) to identify PV in 99 patients aged 29 to 80 years. IRVT was conducted using a high-definition hyperspectral visual–infrared sensor. The temperature difference (ΔT) between maximum temperature (Tmax) and minimum temperature (Tmin) within the region of interest (ROI) served as an indicator for assessing vascular dysfunction severity. Comparative analysis was performed with VD results obtained using a Doppler ultrasound unit equipped with a 7.5 MHz linear transducer. Significant statistical differences (p < 0.05) in ΔT (Tmax−Tmin) were observed among PV sites categorized by reflux severity: no reflux (ΔT = 1.2 °C), mild reflux (ΔT = 1.8 °C), moderate reflux (ΔT = 2.9 °C), and severe reflux (ΔT = 3.6 °C). This study concludes that IRVT effectively distinguishes varying degrees of vascular reflux severity. IRVT shows promise as a non-invasive, radiation-free tool to enhance PV identification, especially in challenging cases, potentially improving patient outcomes and healthcare management. Further research is required to validate and refine its diagnostic utility. MDPI 2023-11-14 /pmc/articles/PMC10672064/ /pubmed/38002697 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12227085 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Dávalos, Marcelo Pastor Almada
Brioschi, Marcos Leal
da Rosa, Samir Ezequiel
Brioschi, Gabriel Carneiro
Neves, Eduardo Borba
Can Dual Infrared–Visual Thermography Provide a More Reliable Diagnosis of Perforator Veins and Reflux Severity?
title Can Dual Infrared–Visual Thermography Provide a More Reliable Diagnosis of Perforator Veins and Reflux Severity?
title_full Can Dual Infrared–Visual Thermography Provide a More Reliable Diagnosis of Perforator Veins and Reflux Severity?
title_fullStr Can Dual Infrared–Visual Thermography Provide a More Reliable Diagnosis of Perforator Veins and Reflux Severity?
title_full_unstemmed Can Dual Infrared–Visual Thermography Provide a More Reliable Diagnosis of Perforator Veins and Reflux Severity?
title_short Can Dual Infrared–Visual Thermography Provide a More Reliable Diagnosis of Perforator Veins and Reflux Severity?
title_sort can dual infrared–visual thermography provide a more reliable diagnosis of perforator veins and reflux severity?
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10672064/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38002697
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12227085
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