Percutaneous Modified Blalock–Taussig Shunt Closure in a Patient with Isolated Right Ventricular Hypoplasia

Clinical presentation, course, and treatment for patients with isolated right ventricular (RV) hypoplasia (IRVH) depends on the degree of hypoplasia that is present—this is a spectrum from spontaneous maturation to Fontan circulation over time. An 8-month-old infant presented with IRVH; in the patient, a modified Blalock–Taussig (MBTS) shunt was closed percutaneously after spontaneous RV function recovery. A female newborn was diagnosed with differential cyanosis at birth. The echocardiography showed a hypertrophic RV with a small cavity, a right–left shunt on the atrial septal defect, an almost closed ductus arteriosus (DA), and a small tricuspid valve ring (Z-score-2) with mild regurgitation (pressure gradient 30 mmHg). On the 4th day of life, the patient showed deepened cyanosis and hyperlactatemia was registered. The echocardiography examination revealed a closed DA. Right ventriculography performed on the 5th day of life evidenced the presence of a small hypertrabeculated RV. The pressure in the RV increased. A right-side MBTS was created on the 6th day of life. Further echocardiographic findings indicated a gradual development of the RV and a decrease in RV pressure. MBTS occlusion was performed when the patient was 8 months old. Vital parameters were monitored invasively and noninvasively after the balloon occlusion of MBTS. Percutaneous MBTS occlusion was successfully performed using an Amplatzer vascular plug 2 (AVP2). During the follow-up period, the patient was found to have maintained a normal percutaneous oxyhaemoglobin blood saturation.