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Helical Plating Compared with Straight Plating and Nailing for Treatment of Proximal Third Humeral Shaft Fractures—A Biomechanical Study

Background and Objectives: The surgical treatment of proximal humeral shaft fractures usually considers application of either long straight plates or intramedullary nails. By being able to spare the rotator cuff and avoid the radial nerve distally, the implementation of helical plates might overcome...

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Autores principales: Pastor, Torsten, Zderic, Ivan, Pastor, Tatjana, Drenchev, Ludmil, Skulev, Hristo Kostov, van Knegsel, Kenneth P., Lenz, Mark, Link, Björn-Christian, Gueorguiev, Boyko, Beeres, Frank J. P.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10672748/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38004092
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59112043
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author Pastor, Torsten
Zderic, Ivan
Pastor, Tatjana
Drenchev, Ludmil
Skulev, Hristo Kostov
van Knegsel, Kenneth P.
Lenz, Mark
Link, Björn-Christian
Gueorguiev, Boyko
Beeres, Frank J. P.
author_facet Pastor, Torsten
Zderic, Ivan
Pastor, Tatjana
Drenchev, Ludmil
Skulev, Hristo Kostov
van Knegsel, Kenneth P.
Lenz, Mark
Link, Björn-Christian
Gueorguiev, Boyko
Beeres, Frank J. P.
author_sort Pastor, Torsten
collection PubMed
description Background and Objectives: The surgical treatment of proximal humeral shaft fractures usually considers application of either long straight plates or intramedullary nails. By being able to spare the rotator cuff and avoid the radial nerve distally, the implementation of helical plates might overcome the downsides of common fixation methods. The aims of the current study were (1) to explore the biomechanical competence of different plate designs and (2) to compare their performance versus the alternative treatment option of using intramedullary nails. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four artificial humeri were assigned to the following four groups for simulation of an unstable proximal humeral shaft fracture and instrumentation: Group 1 (Straight-PHILOS), Group 2 (MULTILOC-Nail), Group 3 (45°-Helical-PHILOS), and Group 4 (90°-Helical-PHILOS). All specimens underwent non-destructive, quasi-static biomechanical testing under loading in axial compression, torsion in internal/external rotation, and pure bending in four directions, accompanied by motion tracking. Results: Axial stiffness/displacement in Group 2 was significantly higher/smaller than in all other groups (p ≤ 0.010). Torsional displacement in Group 2 was significantly bigger than in all other groups (p ≤ 0.017). Significantly smaller coronal plane displacement was identified in Group 2 versus all other groups (p < 0.001) and in Group 4 versus Group 1 (p = 0.022). Significantly bigger sagittal plane displacement was detected in Group 4 versus all other groups (p ≤ 0.024) and in Group 1 versus Group 2 (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Intramedullary nails demonstrated higher axial stiffness and smaller axial interfragmentary movements compared with all investigated plate designs. However, they were associated with bigger torsional movements at the fracture site. Although 90°-helical plates revealed bigger interfragmentary movements in the sagittal plane, they demonstrated improved resistance against displacements in the coronal plane when compared with straight lateral plates. In addition, 45°-helical plates manifested similar biomechanical competence to straight plates and may be considered a valid alternative to the latter from a biomechanical standpoint.
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spelling pubmed-106727482023-11-20 Helical Plating Compared with Straight Plating and Nailing for Treatment of Proximal Third Humeral Shaft Fractures—A Biomechanical Study Pastor, Torsten Zderic, Ivan Pastor, Tatjana Drenchev, Ludmil Skulev, Hristo Kostov van Knegsel, Kenneth P. Lenz, Mark Link, Björn-Christian Gueorguiev, Boyko Beeres, Frank J. P. Medicina (Kaunas) Article Background and Objectives: The surgical treatment of proximal humeral shaft fractures usually considers application of either long straight plates or intramedullary nails. By being able to spare the rotator cuff and avoid the radial nerve distally, the implementation of helical plates might overcome the downsides of common fixation methods. The aims of the current study were (1) to explore the biomechanical competence of different plate designs and (2) to compare their performance versus the alternative treatment option of using intramedullary nails. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four artificial humeri were assigned to the following four groups for simulation of an unstable proximal humeral shaft fracture and instrumentation: Group 1 (Straight-PHILOS), Group 2 (MULTILOC-Nail), Group 3 (45°-Helical-PHILOS), and Group 4 (90°-Helical-PHILOS). All specimens underwent non-destructive, quasi-static biomechanical testing under loading in axial compression, torsion in internal/external rotation, and pure bending in four directions, accompanied by motion tracking. Results: Axial stiffness/displacement in Group 2 was significantly higher/smaller than in all other groups (p ≤ 0.010). Torsional displacement in Group 2 was significantly bigger than in all other groups (p ≤ 0.017). Significantly smaller coronal plane displacement was identified in Group 2 versus all other groups (p < 0.001) and in Group 4 versus Group 1 (p = 0.022). Significantly bigger sagittal plane displacement was detected in Group 4 versus all other groups (p ≤ 0.024) and in Group 1 versus Group 2 (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Intramedullary nails demonstrated higher axial stiffness and smaller axial interfragmentary movements compared with all investigated plate designs. However, they were associated with bigger torsional movements at the fracture site. Although 90°-helical plates revealed bigger interfragmentary movements in the sagittal plane, they demonstrated improved resistance against displacements in the coronal plane when compared with straight lateral plates. In addition, 45°-helical plates manifested similar biomechanical competence to straight plates and may be considered a valid alternative to the latter from a biomechanical standpoint. MDPI 2023-11-20 /pmc/articles/PMC10672748/ /pubmed/38004092 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59112043 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Pastor, Torsten
Zderic, Ivan
Pastor, Tatjana
Drenchev, Ludmil
Skulev, Hristo Kostov
van Knegsel, Kenneth P.
Lenz, Mark
Link, Björn-Christian
Gueorguiev, Boyko
Beeres, Frank J. P.
Helical Plating Compared with Straight Plating and Nailing for Treatment of Proximal Third Humeral Shaft Fractures—A Biomechanical Study
title Helical Plating Compared with Straight Plating and Nailing for Treatment of Proximal Third Humeral Shaft Fractures—A Biomechanical Study
title_full Helical Plating Compared with Straight Plating and Nailing for Treatment of Proximal Third Humeral Shaft Fractures—A Biomechanical Study
title_fullStr Helical Plating Compared with Straight Plating and Nailing for Treatment of Proximal Third Humeral Shaft Fractures—A Biomechanical Study
title_full_unstemmed Helical Plating Compared with Straight Plating and Nailing for Treatment of Proximal Third Humeral Shaft Fractures—A Biomechanical Study
title_short Helical Plating Compared with Straight Plating and Nailing for Treatment of Proximal Third Humeral Shaft Fractures—A Biomechanical Study
title_sort helical plating compared with straight plating and nailing for treatment of proximal third humeral shaft fractures—a biomechanical study
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10672748/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38004092
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59112043
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