Biomimetic Coupling Structure Increases the Noise Friction and Sound Absorption Effect

Environmental noise pollution is a growing challenge worldwide, necessitating effective sound absorption strategies to improve acoustic environments. Materials that draw inspiration from nature’s structural design principles can provide enhanced functionalities. Wood exhibits an intricate multi-scale porous architecture that can dissipate acoustic energy. This study investigates a biomimetic sound-absorbing structure composed of hierarchical pores inspired by the vascular networks within wood cells. The perforated resonators induce complementary frequency responses and porous propagation effects for broadband attenuation. Samples were fabricated using 3D printing for systematic testing. The pore size, porosity, number of layers, and order of the layers were controlled as experimental variables. Acoustic impedance tube characterization demonstrated that optimizing these architectural parameters enables absorption coefficients approaching unity across a broad frequency range. The tuned multi-layer porous architectures outperformed single pore baselines, achieving up to a 25–35% increase in the average absorption. The bio-inspired coupled pore designs also exhibited a 95% broader working bandwidth. These enhancements result from the increased viscous losses and tailored impedance matching generated by the hierarchical porosity. This work elucidates structure–property guidelines for designing biomimetic acoustic metamaterials derived from the porous morphology of wood. The results show significant promise for leveraging such multi-scale cellular geometries in future materials and devices for noise control and dissipative engineering applications across diverse sectors.