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Changes in Microbial Communities Using Pigs as a Model for Postmortem Interval Estimation

Microbial communities can undergo significant successional changes during decay and decomposition, potentially providing valuable insights for determining the postmortem interval (PMI). The microbiota produce various gases that cause cadaver bloating, and rupture releases nutrient-rich bodily fluids...

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Autores principales: Yang, Fan, Zhang, Xiangyan, Hu, Sheng, Nie, Hao, Gui, Peng, Zhong, Zengtao, Guo, Yadong, Zhao, Xingchun
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10672931/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38004822
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11112811
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author Yang, Fan
Zhang, Xiangyan
Hu, Sheng
Nie, Hao
Gui, Peng
Zhong, Zengtao
Guo, Yadong
Zhao, Xingchun
author_facet Yang, Fan
Zhang, Xiangyan
Hu, Sheng
Nie, Hao
Gui, Peng
Zhong, Zengtao
Guo, Yadong
Zhao, Xingchun
author_sort Yang, Fan
collection PubMed
description Microbial communities can undergo significant successional changes during decay and decomposition, potentially providing valuable insights for determining the postmortem interval (PMI). The microbiota produce various gases that cause cadaver bloating, and rupture releases nutrient-rich bodily fluids into the environment, altering the soil microbiota around the carcasses. In this study, we aimed to investigate the underlying principles governing the succession of microbial communities during the decomposition of pig carcasses and the soil beneath the carcasses. At early decay, the phylum Firmicutes and Bacteroidota were the most abundant in both the winter and summer pig rectum. However, Proteobacteria became the most abundant in the winter pig rectum in late decay. Using genus as a biomarker to estimate the PMI could get the MAE from 1.375 days to 2.478 days based on the RF model. The abundance of bacterial communities showed a decreasing trend with prolonged decomposition time. There were statistically significant differences in microbial diversity in the two periods (pre-rupture and post-rupture) of the four groups (WPG 0–8Dvs. WPG 16–40D, p < 0.0001; WPS 0–16Dvs. WPS 24–40D, p = 0.003; SPG 0D vs. SPG 8–40D, p = 0.0005; and SPS 0D vs. SPS 8–40D, p = 0.0208). Most of the biomarkers in the pre-rupture period belong to obligate anaerobes. In contrast, the biomarkers in the post-rupture period belong to aerobic bacteria. Furthermore, the genus Vagococcus shows a similar increase trend, whether in winter or summer. Together, these results suggest that microbial succession was predictable and can be developed into a forensic tool for estimating the PMI.
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spelling pubmed-106729312023-11-20 Changes in Microbial Communities Using Pigs as a Model for Postmortem Interval Estimation Yang, Fan Zhang, Xiangyan Hu, Sheng Nie, Hao Gui, Peng Zhong, Zengtao Guo, Yadong Zhao, Xingchun Microorganisms Article Microbial communities can undergo significant successional changes during decay and decomposition, potentially providing valuable insights for determining the postmortem interval (PMI). The microbiota produce various gases that cause cadaver bloating, and rupture releases nutrient-rich bodily fluids into the environment, altering the soil microbiota around the carcasses. In this study, we aimed to investigate the underlying principles governing the succession of microbial communities during the decomposition of pig carcasses and the soil beneath the carcasses. At early decay, the phylum Firmicutes and Bacteroidota were the most abundant in both the winter and summer pig rectum. However, Proteobacteria became the most abundant in the winter pig rectum in late decay. Using genus as a biomarker to estimate the PMI could get the MAE from 1.375 days to 2.478 days based on the RF model. The abundance of bacterial communities showed a decreasing trend with prolonged decomposition time. There were statistically significant differences in microbial diversity in the two periods (pre-rupture and post-rupture) of the four groups (WPG 0–8Dvs. WPG 16–40D, p < 0.0001; WPS 0–16Dvs. WPS 24–40D, p = 0.003; SPG 0D vs. SPG 8–40D, p = 0.0005; and SPS 0D vs. SPS 8–40D, p = 0.0208). Most of the biomarkers in the pre-rupture period belong to obligate anaerobes. In contrast, the biomarkers in the post-rupture period belong to aerobic bacteria. Furthermore, the genus Vagococcus shows a similar increase trend, whether in winter or summer. Together, these results suggest that microbial succession was predictable and can be developed into a forensic tool for estimating the PMI. MDPI 2023-11-20 /pmc/articles/PMC10672931/ /pubmed/38004822 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11112811 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Yang, Fan
Zhang, Xiangyan
Hu, Sheng
Nie, Hao
Gui, Peng
Zhong, Zengtao
Guo, Yadong
Zhao, Xingchun
Changes in Microbial Communities Using Pigs as a Model for Postmortem Interval Estimation
title Changes in Microbial Communities Using Pigs as a Model for Postmortem Interval Estimation
title_full Changes in Microbial Communities Using Pigs as a Model for Postmortem Interval Estimation
title_fullStr Changes in Microbial Communities Using Pigs as a Model for Postmortem Interval Estimation
title_full_unstemmed Changes in Microbial Communities Using Pigs as a Model for Postmortem Interval Estimation
title_short Changes in Microbial Communities Using Pigs as a Model for Postmortem Interval Estimation
title_sort changes in microbial communities using pigs as a model for postmortem interval estimation
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10672931/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38004822
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11112811
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