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Avirulent Isolates of Penicillium chrysogenum to Control the Blue Mold of Apple Caused by P. expansum

Blue mold is an economically significant postharvest disease of pome fruit that is primarily caused by Penicillium expansum. To manage this disease and sustain product quality, novel decay intervention strategies are needed that also maintain long-term efficacy. Biocontrol organisms and natural prod...

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Autores principales: Bartholomew, Holly P., Luciano-Rosario, Dianiris, Bradshaw, Michael J., Gaskins, Verneta L., Peng, Hui, Fonseca, Jorge M., Jurick, Wayne M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10673114/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38004803
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11112792
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author Bartholomew, Holly P.
Luciano-Rosario, Dianiris
Bradshaw, Michael J.
Gaskins, Verneta L.
Peng, Hui
Fonseca, Jorge M.
Jurick, Wayne M.
author_facet Bartholomew, Holly P.
Luciano-Rosario, Dianiris
Bradshaw, Michael J.
Gaskins, Verneta L.
Peng, Hui
Fonseca, Jorge M.
Jurick, Wayne M.
author_sort Bartholomew, Holly P.
collection PubMed
description Blue mold is an economically significant postharvest disease of pome fruit that is primarily caused by Penicillium expansum. To manage this disease and sustain product quality, novel decay intervention strategies are needed that also maintain long-term efficacy. Biocontrol organisms and natural products are promising tools for managing postharvest diseases. Here, two Penicillium chrysogenum isolates, 404 and 413, were investigated as potential biocontrol agents against P. expansum in apple. Notably, 404 and 413 were non-pathogenic in apple, yet they grew vigorously in vitro when compared to the highly aggressive P. expansum R19 and Pe21 isolates. Whole-genome sequencing and species-specific barcoding identified both strains as P. chrysogenum. Each P. chrysogenum strain was inoculated in apple with the subsequent co-inoculation of R19 or Pe21 simultaneously, 3, or 7 days after prior inoculation with 404 or 413. The co-inoculation of these isolates showed reduced decay incidence and severity, with the most significant reduction from the longer establishment of P. chrysogenum. In vitro growth showed no antagonism between species, further suggesting competitive niche colonization as the mode of action for decay reduction. Both P. chrysogenum isolates had incomplete patulin gene clusters but tolerated patulin treatment. Finally, hygromycin resistance was observed for both P. chrysogenum isolates, yet they are not multiresistant to apple postharvest fungicides. Overall, we demonstrate the translative potential of P. chrysogenum to serve as an effective biocontrol agent against blue mold decay in apples, pending practical optimization and formulation.
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spelling pubmed-106731142023-11-17 Avirulent Isolates of Penicillium chrysogenum to Control the Blue Mold of Apple Caused by P. expansum Bartholomew, Holly P. Luciano-Rosario, Dianiris Bradshaw, Michael J. Gaskins, Verneta L. Peng, Hui Fonseca, Jorge M. Jurick, Wayne M. Microorganisms Article Blue mold is an economically significant postharvest disease of pome fruit that is primarily caused by Penicillium expansum. To manage this disease and sustain product quality, novel decay intervention strategies are needed that also maintain long-term efficacy. Biocontrol organisms and natural products are promising tools for managing postharvest diseases. Here, two Penicillium chrysogenum isolates, 404 and 413, were investigated as potential biocontrol agents against P. expansum in apple. Notably, 404 and 413 were non-pathogenic in apple, yet they grew vigorously in vitro when compared to the highly aggressive P. expansum R19 and Pe21 isolates. Whole-genome sequencing and species-specific barcoding identified both strains as P. chrysogenum. Each P. chrysogenum strain was inoculated in apple with the subsequent co-inoculation of R19 or Pe21 simultaneously, 3, or 7 days after prior inoculation with 404 or 413. The co-inoculation of these isolates showed reduced decay incidence and severity, with the most significant reduction from the longer establishment of P. chrysogenum. In vitro growth showed no antagonism between species, further suggesting competitive niche colonization as the mode of action for decay reduction. Both P. chrysogenum isolates had incomplete patulin gene clusters but tolerated patulin treatment. Finally, hygromycin resistance was observed for both P. chrysogenum isolates, yet they are not multiresistant to apple postharvest fungicides. Overall, we demonstrate the translative potential of P. chrysogenum to serve as an effective biocontrol agent against blue mold decay in apples, pending practical optimization and formulation. MDPI 2023-11-17 /pmc/articles/PMC10673114/ /pubmed/38004803 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11112792 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Bartholomew, Holly P.
Luciano-Rosario, Dianiris
Bradshaw, Michael J.
Gaskins, Verneta L.
Peng, Hui
Fonseca, Jorge M.
Jurick, Wayne M.
Avirulent Isolates of Penicillium chrysogenum to Control the Blue Mold of Apple Caused by P. expansum
title Avirulent Isolates of Penicillium chrysogenum to Control the Blue Mold of Apple Caused by P. expansum
title_full Avirulent Isolates of Penicillium chrysogenum to Control the Blue Mold of Apple Caused by P. expansum
title_fullStr Avirulent Isolates of Penicillium chrysogenum to Control the Blue Mold of Apple Caused by P. expansum
title_full_unstemmed Avirulent Isolates of Penicillium chrysogenum to Control the Blue Mold of Apple Caused by P. expansum
title_short Avirulent Isolates of Penicillium chrysogenum to Control the Blue Mold of Apple Caused by P. expansum
title_sort avirulent isolates of penicillium chrysogenum to control the blue mold of apple caused by p. expansum
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10673114/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38004803
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11112792
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