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Risk Assessment for the Spread of Flavescence Dorée-Related Phytoplasmas from Alder to Grapevine by Alternative Insect Vectors in Germany

“Flavescence dorée” (FD)-related phytoplasmas are widespread in alder in Germany and their transmission to grapevine represents a high risk for FD outbreaks when the primary vector, Scaphoideus titanus, becomes present in the future. Therefore, the potential role of the Deltocephalinae leafhopper sp...

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Autores principales: Jarausch, Barbara, Markheiser, Anna, Jarausch, Wolfgang, Biancu, Sandra, Kugler, Sanela, Runne, Miriam, Maixner, Michael
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10673178/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38004777
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11112766
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author Jarausch, Barbara
Markheiser, Anna
Jarausch, Wolfgang
Biancu, Sandra
Kugler, Sanela
Runne, Miriam
Maixner, Michael
author_facet Jarausch, Barbara
Markheiser, Anna
Jarausch, Wolfgang
Biancu, Sandra
Kugler, Sanela
Runne, Miriam
Maixner, Michael
author_sort Jarausch, Barbara
collection PubMed
description “Flavescence dorée” (FD)-related phytoplasmas are widespread in alder in Germany and their transmission to grapevine represents a high risk for FD outbreaks when the primary vector, Scaphoideus titanus, becomes present in the future. Therefore, the potential role of the Deltocephalinae leafhopper species in transmitting FD-related phytoplasmas from alder to grapevine was studied in extensive transmission trials conducted between 2017 and 2020. The transmission capacity of autochthonous Allygus spp. and the invasive Orientus ishidae captured on infected alder trees was tested under controlled conditions using various test designs, including grouped insects and single-insect studies. The latter experiments were analyzed in terms of survival probability, transmission success and phytoplasma load in the insects, measured by quantitative PCR. A minimum inoculation titer (MIT) required for successful transmission to alder was defined for both Allygus spp. and O. ishidae. While Allygus spp. exhibited slightly better survival on Vitis vinifera compared to O. ishidae, the latter displayed higher phytoplasma loads and greater transmission success. Although all species were capable of infecting alder seedlings, O. ishidae was able to transmit 16SrV-phytoplasmas directly to single grapevines. Infective adults of O. ishidae were captured from the beginning of July until the end of August, while Allygus spp. were only considered infective towards the end of the season. Thus, O. ishidae likely poses a higher risk for FD transmission from alder to grapevine, albeit at a very low level, as only five out of 90 transmission trials to V. vinifera were successful.
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spelling pubmed-106731782023-11-14 Risk Assessment for the Spread of Flavescence Dorée-Related Phytoplasmas from Alder to Grapevine by Alternative Insect Vectors in Germany Jarausch, Barbara Markheiser, Anna Jarausch, Wolfgang Biancu, Sandra Kugler, Sanela Runne, Miriam Maixner, Michael Microorganisms Article “Flavescence dorée” (FD)-related phytoplasmas are widespread in alder in Germany and their transmission to grapevine represents a high risk for FD outbreaks when the primary vector, Scaphoideus titanus, becomes present in the future. Therefore, the potential role of the Deltocephalinae leafhopper species in transmitting FD-related phytoplasmas from alder to grapevine was studied in extensive transmission trials conducted between 2017 and 2020. The transmission capacity of autochthonous Allygus spp. and the invasive Orientus ishidae captured on infected alder trees was tested under controlled conditions using various test designs, including grouped insects and single-insect studies. The latter experiments were analyzed in terms of survival probability, transmission success and phytoplasma load in the insects, measured by quantitative PCR. A minimum inoculation titer (MIT) required for successful transmission to alder was defined for both Allygus spp. and O. ishidae. While Allygus spp. exhibited slightly better survival on Vitis vinifera compared to O. ishidae, the latter displayed higher phytoplasma loads and greater transmission success. Although all species were capable of infecting alder seedlings, O. ishidae was able to transmit 16SrV-phytoplasmas directly to single grapevines. Infective adults of O. ishidae were captured from the beginning of July until the end of August, while Allygus spp. were only considered infective towards the end of the season. Thus, O. ishidae likely poses a higher risk for FD transmission from alder to grapevine, albeit at a very low level, as only five out of 90 transmission trials to V. vinifera were successful. MDPI 2023-11-14 /pmc/articles/PMC10673178/ /pubmed/38004777 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11112766 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Jarausch, Barbara
Markheiser, Anna
Jarausch, Wolfgang
Biancu, Sandra
Kugler, Sanela
Runne, Miriam
Maixner, Michael
Risk Assessment for the Spread of Flavescence Dorée-Related Phytoplasmas from Alder to Grapevine by Alternative Insect Vectors in Germany
title Risk Assessment for the Spread of Flavescence Dorée-Related Phytoplasmas from Alder to Grapevine by Alternative Insect Vectors in Germany
title_full Risk Assessment for the Spread of Flavescence Dorée-Related Phytoplasmas from Alder to Grapevine by Alternative Insect Vectors in Germany
title_fullStr Risk Assessment for the Spread of Flavescence Dorée-Related Phytoplasmas from Alder to Grapevine by Alternative Insect Vectors in Germany
title_full_unstemmed Risk Assessment for the Spread of Flavescence Dorée-Related Phytoplasmas from Alder to Grapevine by Alternative Insect Vectors in Germany
title_short Risk Assessment for the Spread of Flavescence Dorée-Related Phytoplasmas from Alder to Grapevine by Alternative Insect Vectors in Germany
title_sort risk assessment for the spread of flavescence dorée-related phytoplasmas from alder to grapevine by alternative insect vectors in germany
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10673178/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38004777
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11112766
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