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A Review of the Past, Present, and Future of the Monkeypox Virus: Challenges, Opportunities, and Lessons from COVID-19 for Global Health Security

Monkeypox, a rare but significant zoonotic and orthopoxviral disease, has garnered increasing attention due to its potential for human-to-human transmission and its recent resurgence in multiple countries throughout Europe, North America, and Oceania. The disease has emerged as a novel threat to the...

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Autores principales: Hirani, Rahim, Noruzi, Kaleb, Iqbal, Aroubah, Hussaini, Anum S., Khan, Rafay A., Harutyunyan, Aleksandr, Etienne, Mill, Tiwari, Raj K.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10673257/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38004725
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11112713
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author Hirani, Rahim
Noruzi, Kaleb
Iqbal, Aroubah
Hussaini, Anum S.
Khan, Rafay A.
Harutyunyan, Aleksandr
Etienne, Mill
Tiwari, Raj K.
author_facet Hirani, Rahim
Noruzi, Kaleb
Iqbal, Aroubah
Hussaini, Anum S.
Khan, Rafay A.
Harutyunyan, Aleksandr
Etienne, Mill
Tiwari, Raj K.
author_sort Hirani, Rahim
collection PubMed
description Monkeypox, a rare but significant zoonotic and orthopoxviral disease, has garnered increasing attention due to its potential for human-to-human transmission and its recent resurgence in multiple countries throughout Europe, North America, and Oceania. The disease has emerged as a novel threat to the global health systems that are still striving to recover from the major shocks of the COVID-19 pandemic. The unusual manifestation of the illness highlights a substantial knowledge deficit and necessitates the immediate development of a public health action strategy, considering the epidemiological differences observed in the ongoing outbreak and the appearance of cases in non-endemic nations. This literature review aims to synthesize existing knowledge on monkeypox, encompassing its historical context, etiology, epidemiology, surveillance, prevention, transmission, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatments, and recent outbreak. Particular attention is given to both advances and gaps in our understanding of monkeypox, and we point toward future directions for research and intervention efforts as pertains to vaccine development and distribution. Lastly, we will also review the recent outbreak through a sociopolitical lens as relates to decision-making strategies, especially given the lessons learned from COVID-19.
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spelling pubmed-106732572023-11-06 A Review of the Past, Present, and Future of the Monkeypox Virus: Challenges, Opportunities, and Lessons from COVID-19 for Global Health Security Hirani, Rahim Noruzi, Kaleb Iqbal, Aroubah Hussaini, Anum S. Khan, Rafay A. Harutyunyan, Aleksandr Etienne, Mill Tiwari, Raj K. Microorganisms Review Monkeypox, a rare but significant zoonotic and orthopoxviral disease, has garnered increasing attention due to its potential for human-to-human transmission and its recent resurgence in multiple countries throughout Europe, North America, and Oceania. The disease has emerged as a novel threat to the global health systems that are still striving to recover from the major shocks of the COVID-19 pandemic. The unusual manifestation of the illness highlights a substantial knowledge deficit and necessitates the immediate development of a public health action strategy, considering the epidemiological differences observed in the ongoing outbreak and the appearance of cases in non-endemic nations. This literature review aims to synthesize existing knowledge on monkeypox, encompassing its historical context, etiology, epidemiology, surveillance, prevention, transmission, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatments, and recent outbreak. Particular attention is given to both advances and gaps in our understanding of monkeypox, and we point toward future directions for research and intervention efforts as pertains to vaccine development and distribution. Lastly, we will also review the recent outbreak through a sociopolitical lens as relates to decision-making strategies, especially given the lessons learned from COVID-19. MDPI 2023-11-06 /pmc/articles/PMC10673257/ /pubmed/38004725 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11112713 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Hirani, Rahim
Noruzi, Kaleb
Iqbal, Aroubah
Hussaini, Anum S.
Khan, Rafay A.
Harutyunyan, Aleksandr
Etienne, Mill
Tiwari, Raj K.
A Review of the Past, Present, and Future of the Monkeypox Virus: Challenges, Opportunities, and Lessons from COVID-19 for Global Health Security
title A Review of the Past, Present, and Future of the Monkeypox Virus: Challenges, Opportunities, and Lessons from COVID-19 for Global Health Security
title_full A Review of the Past, Present, and Future of the Monkeypox Virus: Challenges, Opportunities, and Lessons from COVID-19 for Global Health Security
title_fullStr A Review of the Past, Present, and Future of the Monkeypox Virus: Challenges, Opportunities, and Lessons from COVID-19 for Global Health Security
title_full_unstemmed A Review of the Past, Present, and Future of the Monkeypox Virus: Challenges, Opportunities, and Lessons from COVID-19 for Global Health Security
title_short A Review of the Past, Present, and Future of the Monkeypox Virus: Challenges, Opportunities, and Lessons from COVID-19 for Global Health Security
title_sort review of the past, present, and future of the monkeypox virus: challenges, opportunities, and lessons from covid-19 for global health security
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10673257/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38004725
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11112713
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