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A Review of the Past, Present, and Future of the Monkeypox Virus: Challenges, Opportunities, and Lessons from COVID-19 for Global Health Security
Monkeypox, a rare but significant zoonotic and orthopoxviral disease, has garnered increasing attention due to its potential for human-to-human transmission and its recent resurgence in multiple countries throughout Europe, North America, and Oceania. The disease has emerged as a novel threat to the...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10673257/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38004725 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11112713 |
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author | Hirani, Rahim Noruzi, Kaleb Iqbal, Aroubah Hussaini, Anum S. Khan, Rafay A. Harutyunyan, Aleksandr Etienne, Mill Tiwari, Raj K. |
author_facet | Hirani, Rahim Noruzi, Kaleb Iqbal, Aroubah Hussaini, Anum S. Khan, Rafay A. Harutyunyan, Aleksandr Etienne, Mill Tiwari, Raj K. |
author_sort | Hirani, Rahim |
collection | PubMed |
description | Monkeypox, a rare but significant zoonotic and orthopoxviral disease, has garnered increasing attention due to its potential for human-to-human transmission and its recent resurgence in multiple countries throughout Europe, North America, and Oceania. The disease has emerged as a novel threat to the global health systems that are still striving to recover from the major shocks of the COVID-19 pandemic. The unusual manifestation of the illness highlights a substantial knowledge deficit and necessitates the immediate development of a public health action strategy, considering the epidemiological differences observed in the ongoing outbreak and the appearance of cases in non-endemic nations. This literature review aims to synthesize existing knowledge on monkeypox, encompassing its historical context, etiology, epidemiology, surveillance, prevention, transmission, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatments, and recent outbreak. Particular attention is given to both advances and gaps in our understanding of monkeypox, and we point toward future directions for research and intervention efforts as pertains to vaccine development and distribution. Lastly, we will also review the recent outbreak through a sociopolitical lens as relates to decision-making strategies, especially given the lessons learned from COVID-19. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10673257 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-106732572023-11-06 A Review of the Past, Present, and Future of the Monkeypox Virus: Challenges, Opportunities, and Lessons from COVID-19 for Global Health Security Hirani, Rahim Noruzi, Kaleb Iqbal, Aroubah Hussaini, Anum S. Khan, Rafay A. Harutyunyan, Aleksandr Etienne, Mill Tiwari, Raj K. Microorganisms Review Monkeypox, a rare but significant zoonotic and orthopoxviral disease, has garnered increasing attention due to its potential for human-to-human transmission and its recent resurgence in multiple countries throughout Europe, North America, and Oceania. The disease has emerged as a novel threat to the global health systems that are still striving to recover from the major shocks of the COVID-19 pandemic. The unusual manifestation of the illness highlights a substantial knowledge deficit and necessitates the immediate development of a public health action strategy, considering the epidemiological differences observed in the ongoing outbreak and the appearance of cases in non-endemic nations. This literature review aims to synthesize existing knowledge on monkeypox, encompassing its historical context, etiology, epidemiology, surveillance, prevention, transmission, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatments, and recent outbreak. Particular attention is given to both advances and gaps in our understanding of monkeypox, and we point toward future directions for research and intervention efforts as pertains to vaccine development and distribution. Lastly, we will also review the recent outbreak through a sociopolitical lens as relates to decision-making strategies, especially given the lessons learned from COVID-19. MDPI 2023-11-06 /pmc/articles/PMC10673257/ /pubmed/38004725 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11112713 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Hirani, Rahim Noruzi, Kaleb Iqbal, Aroubah Hussaini, Anum S. Khan, Rafay A. Harutyunyan, Aleksandr Etienne, Mill Tiwari, Raj K. A Review of the Past, Present, and Future of the Monkeypox Virus: Challenges, Opportunities, and Lessons from COVID-19 for Global Health Security |
title | A Review of the Past, Present, and Future of the Monkeypox Virus: Challenges, Opportunities, and Lessons from COVID-19 for Global Health Security |
title_full | A Review of the Past, Present, and Future of the Monkeypox Virus: Challenges, Opportunities, and Lessons from COVID-19 for Global Health Security |
title_fullStr | A Review of the Past, Present, and Future of the Monkeypox Virus: Challenges, Opportunities, and Lessons from COVID-19 for Global Health Security |
title_full_unstemmed | A Review of the Past, Present, and Future of the Monkeypox Virus: Challenges, Opportunities, and Lessons from COVID-19 for Global Health Security |
title_short | A Review of the Past, Present, and Future of the Monkeypox Virus: Challenges, Opportunities, and Lessons from COVID-19 for Global Health Security |
title_sort | review of the past, present, and future of the monkeypox virus: challenges, opportunities, and lessons from covid-19 for global health security |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10673257/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38004725 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11112713 |
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