Hydrogen-Tolerant La(0.6)Ca(0.4)Co(0.2)Fe(0.8)O(3–d) Oxygen Transport Membranes from Ultrasonic Spray Synthesis for Plasma-Assisted CO(2) Conversion

La(0.6)Ca(0.4)Co(1–x)Fe(x)O(3–d) in its various compositions has proven to be an excellent CO(2)-resistant oxygen transport membrane that can be used in plasma-assisted CO(2) conversion. With the goal of incorporating green hydrogen into the CO(2) conversion process, this work takes a step further by investigating the compatibility of La(0.6)Ca(0.4)Co(1–x)Fe(x)O(3–d) membranes with hydrogen fed into the plasma. This will enable plasma-assisted conversion of the carbon monoxide produced in the CO(2) reduction process into green fuels, like methanol. This requires the La(0.6)Ca(0.4)Co(1–x)Fe(x)O(3–d) membranes to be tolerant towards reducing conditions of hydrogen(.) The hydrogen tolerance of La(0.6)Ca(0.4)Co(1–x)Fe(x)O(3–d) (x = 0.8) was studied in detail. A faster and resource-efficient route based on ultrasonic spray synthesis was developed to synthesise the La(0.6)Ca(0.4)Co(0.2)Fe(0.8)O(3–d) membranes. The La(0.6)Ca(0.4)Co(0.2)Fe(0.8)O(3–d) membrane developed using ultrasonic spray synthesis showed similar performance in terms of its oxygen permeation when compared with the ones synthesised with conventional techniques, such as co-precipitation, sol–gel, etc., despite using 30% less cobalt.