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Clinical Syndromes Related to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination in Pediatric Age: A Narrative Review

This narrative review aims to report the main clinical manifestations, therapeutic strategies, outcomes, and complications of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection in childhood and to summarize the data relating the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination efficacy and safety in pediatric age. SARS-CoV-2 infection mostly occurs...

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Autores principales: Mastrolia, Maria Vincenza, De Cillia, Camilla, Orlandi, Michela, Abu-Rumeileh, Sarah, Maccora, Ilaria, Maniscalco, Valerio, Marrani, Edoardo, Pagnini, Ilaria, Simonini, Gabriele
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10673592/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38004076
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59112027
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author Mastrolia, Maria Vincenza
De Cillia, Camilla
Orlandi, Michela
Abu-Rumeileh, Sarah
Maccora, Ilaria
Maniscalco, Valerio
Marrani, Edoardo
Pagnini, Ilaria
Simonini, Gabriele
author_facet Mastrolia, Maria Vincenza
De Cillia, Camilla
Orlandi, Michela
Abu-Rumeileh, Sarah
Maccora, Ilaria
Maniscalco, Valerio
Marrani, Edoardo
Pagnini, Ilaria
Simonini, Gabriele
author_sort Mastrolia, Maria Vincenza
collection PubMed
description This narrative review aims to report the main clinical manifestations, therapeutic strategies, outcomes, and complications of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection in childhood and to summarize the data relating the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination efficacy and safety in pediatric age. SARS-CoV-2 infection mostly occurs asymptomatically in the pediatric population, while multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) represents the most severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related illness, a life-threatening event with a high morbidity rate. After the development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and their subsequent approval in children, the rate of infection as well as the number of its related complications have shown a drastic decrease. Fully vaccinated children are protected from the risk of developing a severe disease and a similar protective role has been observed in the reduction of complications, in particular MIS-C. However, long-lasting immunity has not been demonstrated, booster doses have been required, and reinfection has been observed. With regards to vaccine safety, adverse events were generally mild to moderate in all age groups: local adverse events were the most commonly reported. Nevertheless, a potential association between SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and the subsequent development of inflammatory manifestations has been suggested. Myocarditis has rarely been observed following vaccination; it appeared to be more frequent among adolescent males with a mild clinical course leading to a complete recovery. SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-related MIS-C cases have been described, although a univocal definition and an exact time interval with respect to vaccination has not been reported, thus not establishing a direct causal link. Current evidence about COVID-19 vaccination in children and adolescents suggest that benefits outweigh potential risks. Long-term data collection of the post-authorization safety surveillance programs will better define the real incidence of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-related complications in the pediatric population.
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spelling pubmed-106735922023-11-17 Clinical Syndromes Related to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination in Pediatric Age: A Narrative Review Mastrolia, Maria Vincenza De Cillia, Camilla Orlandi, Michela Abu-Rumeileh, Sarah Maccora, Ilaria Maniscalco, Valerio Marrani, Edoardo Pagnini, Ilaria Simonini, Gabriele Medicina (Kaunas) Review This narrative review aims to report the main clinical manifestations, therapeutic strategies, outcomes, and complications of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection in childhood and to summarize the data relating the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination efficacy and safety in pediatric age. SARS-CoV-2 infection mostly occurs asymptomatically in the pediatric population, while multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) represents the most severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related illness, a life-threatening event with a high morbidity rate. After the development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and their subsequent approval in children, the rate of infection as well as the number of its related complications have shown a drastic decrease. Fully vaccinated children are protected from the risk of developing a severe disease and a similar protective role has been observed in the reduction of complications, in particular MIS-C. However, long-lasting immunity has not been demonstrated, booster doses have been required, and reinfection has been observed. With regards to vaccine safety, adverse events were generally mild to moderate in all age groups: local adverse events were the most commonly reported. Nevertheless, a potential association between SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and the subsequent development of inflammatory manifestations has been suggested. Myocarditis has rarely been observed following vaccination; it appeared to be more frequent among adolescent males with a mild clinical course leading to a complete recovery. SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-related MIS-C cases have been described, although a univocal definition and an exact time interval with respect to vaccination has not been reported, thus not establishing a direct causal link. Current evidence about COVID-19 vaccination in children and adolescents suggest that benefits outweigh potential risks. Long-term data collection of the post-authorization safety surveillance programs will better define the real incidence of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-related complications in the pediatric population. MDPI 2023-11-17 /pmc/articles/PMC10673592/ /pubmed/38004076 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59112027 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Mastrolia, Maria Vincenza
De Cillia, Camilla
Orlandi, Michela
Abu-Rumeileh, Sarah
Maccora, Ilaria
Maniscalco, Valerio
Marrani, Edoardo
Pagnini, Ilaria
Simonini, Gabriele
Clinical Syndromes Related to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination in Pediatric Age: A Narrative Review
title Clinical Syndromes Related to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination in Pediatric Age: A Narrative Review
title_full Clinical Syndromes Related to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination in Pediatric Age: A Narrative Review
title_fullStr Clinical Syndromes Related to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination in Pediatric Age: A Narrative Review
title_full_unstemmed Clinical Syndromes Related to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination in Pediatric Age: A Narrative Review
title_short Clinical Syndromes Related to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination in Pediatric Age: A Narrative Review
title_sort clinical syndromes related to sars-cov-2 infection and vaccination in pediatric age: a narrative review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10673592/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38004076
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59112027
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