The evolution and driving mechanism of land use classification systems in China

It is of great value to explore the evolution and dynamic mechanism of land use classification systems, such as improving the current classification system and providing guidance for scientific land use methodologies. In this study, the evolution process of land use classification systems in China is analyzed, the characteristics of which in terms of content-form, the urban–rural land use relationship and land functionality are compared, and the evolution mechanism of which is evaluated. The findings reveal that: (1) The land use classification systems in China have undergone a three-stage evolution process, comprising an initial "exploration stage", followed by an "improvement stage", culminating in a "maturity stage"; (2) The content and form of these systems exhibit distinct characteristics, marked by the refinement of construction land, stability in hierarchy, and an increase in the number of classifications. The urban–rural land use relationships have transitioned from a state of "urban–rural separation" to "urban–rural coordination", and ultimately to "urban–rural integration". Moreover, land functions have evolved from single to comprehensive; (3) The evolution of land use systems is primarily driven by national policies, socioeconomic development, and resource endowments, and in essence, it is constrained by the man-land relationship. To meet the needs of global village development, future land classification systems should strive to establish universal international standards.