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Abundant production of dimethylsulfoniopropionate as a cryoprotectant by freshwater phytoplanktonic dinoflagellates in ice-covered Lake Baikal

Phytoplanktonic dinoflagellates form colonies between vertical ice crystals during the ice-melting season in Lake Baikal, but how the plankton survive the freezing conditions is not known. Here we show that the phytoplankton produces large amounts of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), which is best-...

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Autores principales: Toda, Kei, Obolkin, Vladimir, Ohira, Shin-Ichi, Saeki, Kentaro
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10674015/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38001159
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s42003-023-05573-9
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author Toda, Kei
Obolkin, Vladimir
Ohira, Shin-Ichi
Saeki, Kentaro
author_facet Toda, Kei
Obolkin, Vladimir
Ohira, Shin-Ichi
Saeki, Kentaro
author_sort Toda, Kei
collection PubMed
description Phytoplanktonic dinoflagellates form colonies between vertical ice crystals during the ice-melting season in Lake Baikal, but how the plankton survive the freezing conditions is not known. Here we show that the phytoplankton produces large amounts of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), which is best-known as a marine compound. Lake-water DMSP concentrations in the spring season are comparable with those in the oceans, and colony water in ice exhibits extremely high concentrations. DMSP concentration of surface water correlates with plankton density and reaches a maximum in mid-April, with temperature-dependent fluctuations. DMSP is released from plankton cells into water in warm days. DMSP is a characteristic osmolyte of marine algae; our results demonstrate that freshwater plankton, Gymnodinium baicalense, has DMSP-producing ability, and efficiently uses the limited sulfur resource (only 1/500 of sea sulfate) to survive in freshwater ice. Plankton in Lake Baikal do not need an osmolyte, and our results clearly indicate that DMSP plays a cryoprotective role. DMSP, although a characteristic marine compound, could also be an important zwitterion for algae of other boreal lakes, alpine snow, and glaciers.
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spelling pubmed-106740152023-11-24 Abundant production of dimethylsulfoniopropionate as a cryoprotectant by freshwater phytoplanktonic dinoflagellates in ice-covered Lake Baikal Toda, Kei Obolkin, Vladimir Ohira, Shin-Ichi Saeki, Kentaro Commun Biol Article Phytoplanktonic dinoflagellates form colonies between vertical ice crystals during the ice-melting season in Lake Baikal, but how the plankton survive the freezing conditions is not known. Here we show that the phytoplankton produces large amounts of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), which is best-known as a marine compound. Lake-water DMSP concentrations in the spring season are comparable with those in the oceans, and colony water in ice exhibits extremely high concentrations. DMSP concentration of surface water correlates with plankton density and reaches a maximum in mid-April, with temperature-dependent fluctuations. DMSP is released from plankton cells into water in warm days. DMSP is a characteristic osmolyte of marine algae; our results demonstrate that freshwater plankton, Gymnodinium baicalense, has DMSP-producing ability, and efficiently uses the limited sulfur resource (only 1/500 of sea sulfate) to survive in freshwater ice. Plankton in Lake Baikal do not need an osmolyte, and our results clearly indicate that DMSP plays a cryoprotective role. DMSP, although a characteristic marine compound, could also be an important zwitterion for algae of other boreal lakes, alpine snow, and glaciers. Nature Publishing Group UK 2023-11-24 /pmc/articles/PMC10674015/ /pubmed/38001159 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s42003-023-05573-9 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Article
Toda, Kei
Obolkin, Vladimir
Ohira, Shin-Ichi
Saeki, Kentaro
Abundant production of dimethylsulfoniopropionate as a cryoprotectant by freshwater phytoplanktonic dinoflagellates in ice-covered Lake Baikal
title Abundant production of dimethylsulfoniopropionate as a cryoprotectant by freshwater phytoplanktonic dinoflagellates in ice-covered Lake Baikal
title_full Abundant production of dimethylsulfoniopropionate as a cryoprotectant by freshwater phytoplanktonic dinoflagellates in ice-covered Lake Baikal
title_fullStr Abundant production of dimethylsulfoniopropionate as a cryoprotectant by freshwater phytoplanktonic dinoflagellates in ice-covered Lake Baikal
title_full_unstemmed Abundant production of dimethylsulfoniopropionate as a cryoprotectant by freshwater phytoplanktonic dinoflagellates in ice-covered Lake Baikal
title_short Abundant production of dimethylsulfoniopropionate as a cryoprotectant by freshwater phytoplanktonic dinoflagellates in ice-covered Lake Baikal
title_sort abundant production of dimethylsulfoniopropionate as a cryoprotectant by freshwater phytoplanktonic dinoflagellates in ice-covered lake baikal
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10674015/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38001159
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s42003-023-05573-9
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