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Shadow Effect for Small Insect Detection by W-Band Pulsed Radar

In radar entomology, one primary challenge is detecting small species (smaller than 5 cm) since these tiny insects reflect radiation that can be poorly observable and, therefore, difficult to interpret. After a literature search on radar entomology, this research found few works where it has been po...

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Autores principales: Hernández Rosas, Miguel, Espinosa Flores-Verdad, Guillermo, Peregrina Barreto, Hayde, Liedo, Pablo, Altamirano Robles, Leopoldo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10674155/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38005562
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23229169
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author Hernández Rosas, Miguel
Espinosa Flores-Verdad, Guillermo
Peregrina Barreto, Hayde
Liedo, Pablo
Altamirano Robles, Leopoldo
author_facet Hernández Rosas, Miguel
Espinosa Flores-Verdad, Guillermo
Peregrina Barreto, Hayde
Liedo, Pablo
Altamirano Robles, Leopoldo
author_sort Hernández Rosas, Miguel
collection PubMed
description In radar entomology, one primary challenge is detecting small species (smaller than 5 cm) since these tiny insects reflect radiation that can be poorly observable and, therefore, difficult to interpret. After a literature search on radar entomology, this research found few works where it has been possible to sense insects with dimensions smaller than 5 cm using radars. This paper describes different methodologies to detect Mediterranean fruit flies with 5–6 mm sizes using a pulsed W-band radar and presents the experimental results that validate the procedures. The article’s main contribution is the successful detection of Mediterranean fruit flies employing the shadow effect on the backscattered radar signal, achieving an 11% difference in received power when flies are present. So far, according to the information available and the literature search, this work is the first to detect small insects less than 1 cm long using a pulsed radar in W-Band. The results show that the proposed shadow effect is a viable alternative to the current sensors used in smart traps, as it allows not only detection but also counting the number of insects in the trap.
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spelling pubmed-106741552023-11-14 Shadow Effect for Small Insect Detection by W-Band Pulsed Radar Hernández Rosas, Miguel Espinosa Flores-Verdad, Guillermo Peregrina Barreto, Hayde Liedo, Pablo Altamirano Robles, Leopoldo Sensors (Basel) Communication In radar entomology, one primary challenge is detecting small species (smaller than 5 cm) since these tiny insects reflect radiation that can be poorly observable and, therefore, difficult to interpret. After a literature search on radar entomology, this research found few works where it has been possible to sense insects with dimensions smaller than 5 cm using radars. This paper describes different methodologies to detect Mediterranean fruit flies with 5–6 mm sizes using a pulsed W-band radar and presents the experimental results that validate the procedures. The article’s main contribution is the successful detection of Mediterranean fruit flies employing the shadow effect on the backscattered radar signal, achieving an 11% difference in received power when flies are present. So far, according to the information available and the literature search, this work is the first to detect small insects less than 1 cm long using a pulsed radar in W-Band. The results show that the proposed shadow effect is a viable alternative to the current sensors used in smart traps, as it allows not only detection but also counting the number of insects in the trap. MDPI 2023-11-14 /pmc/articles/PMC10674155/ /pubmed/38005562 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23229169 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Communication
Hernández Rosas, Miguel
Espinosa Flores-Verdad, Guillermo
Peregrina Barreto, Hayde
Liedo, Pablo
Altamirano Robles, Leopoldo
Shadow Effect for Small Insect Detection by W-Band Pulsed Radar
title Shadow Effect for Small Insect Detection by W-Band Pulsed Radar
title_full Shadow Effect for Small Insect Detection by W-Band Pulsed Radar
title_fullStr Shadow Effect for Small Insect Detection by W-Band Pulsed Radar
title_full_unstemmed Shadow Effect for Small Insect Detection by W-Band Pulsed Radar
title_short Shadow Effect for Small Insect Detection by W-Band Pulsed Radar
title_sort shadow effect for small insect detection by w-band pulsed radar
topic Communication
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10674155/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38005562
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23229169
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