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The State of the Art on Graphene-Based Sensors for Human Health Monitoring through Breath Biomarkers
The field of organic-borne biomarkers has been gaining relevance due to its suitability for diagnosing pathologies and health conditions in a rapid, accurate, non-invasive, painless and low-cost way. Due to the lack of analytical techniques with features capable of analysing such a complex matrix as...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10674474/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38005657 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23229271 |
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author | Moura, Pedro Catalão Ribeiro, Paulo António Raposo, Maria Vassilenko, Valentina |
author_facet | Moura, Pedro Catalão Ribeiro, Paulo António Raposo, Maria Vassilenko, Valentina |
author_sort | Moura, Pedro Catalão |
collection | PubMed |
description | The field of organic-borne biomarkers has been gaining relevance due to its suitability for diagnosing pathologies and health conditions in a rapid, accurate, non-invasive, painless and low-cost way. Due to the lack of analytical techniques with features capable of analysing such a complex matrix as the human breath, the academic community has focused on developing electronic noses based on arrays of gas sensors. These sensors are assembled considering the excitability, sensitivity and sensing capacities of a specific nanocomposite, graphene. In this way, graphene-based sensors can be employed for a vast range of applications that vary from environmental to medical applications. This review work aims to gather the most relevant published papers under the scope of “Graphene sensors” and “Biomarkers” in order to assess the state of the art in the field of graphene sensors for the purposes of biomarker identification. During the bibliographic search, a total of six pathologies were identified as the focus of the work. They were lung cancer, gastric cancer, chronic kidney diseases, respiratory diseases that involve inflammatory processes of the airways, like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, sleep apnoea and diabetes. The achieved results, current development of the sensing sensors, and main limitations or challenges of the field of graphene sensors are discussed throughout the paper, as well as the features of the experiments addressed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10674474 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-106744742023-11-19 The State of the Art on Graphene-Based Sensors for Human Health Monitoring through Breath Biomarkers Moura, Pedro Catalão Ribeiro, Paulo António Raposo, Maria Vassilenko, Valentina Sensors (Basel) Review The field of organic-borne biomarkers has been gaining relevance due to its suitability for diagnosing pathologies and health conditions in a rapid, accurate, non-invasive, painless and low-cost way. Due to the lack of analytical techniques with features capable of analysing such a complex matrix as the human breath, the academic community has focused on developing electronic noses based on arrays of gas sensors. These sensors are assembled considering the excitability, sensitivity and sensing capacities of a specific nanocomposite, graphene. In this way, graphene-based sensors can be employed for a vast range of applications that vary from environmental to medical applications. This review work aims to gather the most relevant published papers under the scope of “Graphene sensors” and “Biomarkers” in order to assess the state of the art in the field of graphene sensors for the purposes of biomarker identification. During the bibliographic search, a total of six pathologies were identified as the focus of the work. They were lung cancer, gastric cancer, chronic kidney diseases, respiratory diseases that involve inflammatory processes of the airways, like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, sleep apnoea and diabetes. The achieved results, current development of the sensing sensors, and main limitations or challenges of the field of graphene sensors are discussed throughout the paper, as well as the features of the experiments addressed. MDPI 2023-11-19 /pmc/articles/PMC10674474/ /pubmed/38005657 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23229271 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Moura, Pedro Catalão Ribeiro, Paulo António Raposo, Maria Vassilenko, Valentina The State of the Art on Graphene-Based Sensors for Human Health Monitoring through Breath Biomarkers |
title | The State of the Art on Graphene-Based Sensors for Human Health Monitoring through Breath Biomarkers |
title_full | The State of the Art on Graphene-Based Sensors for Human Health Monitoring through Breath Biomarkers |
title_fullStr | The State of the Art on Graphene-Based Sensors for Human Health Monitoring through Breath Biomarkers |
title_full_unstemmed | The State of the Art on Graphene-Based Sensors for Human Health Monitoring through Breath Biomarkers |
title_short | The State of the Art on Graphene-Based Sensors for Human Health Monitoring through Breath Biomarkers |
title_sort | state of the art on graphene-based sensors for human health monitoring through breath biomarkers |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10674474/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38005657 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23229271 |
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