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The State of the Art on Graphene-Based Sensors for Human Health Monitoring through Breath Biomarkers

The field of organic-borne biomarkers has been gaining relevance due to its suitability for diagnosing pathologies and health conditions in a rapid, accurate, non-invasive, painless and low-cost way. Due to the lack of analytical techniques with features capable of analysing such a complex matrix as...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Moura, Pedro Catalão, Ribeiro, Paulo António, Raposo, Maria, Vassilenko, Valentina
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10674474/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38005657
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23229271
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author Moura, Pedro Catalão
Ribeiro, Paulo António
Raposo, Maria
Vassilenko, Valentina
author_facet Moura, Pedro Catalão
Ribeiro, Paulo António
Raposo, Maria
Vassilenko, Valentina
author_sort Moura, Pedro Catalão
collection PubMed
description The field of organic-borne biomarkers has been gaining relevance due to its suitability for diagnosing pathologies and health conditions in a rapid, accurate, non-invasive, painless and low-cost way. Due to the lack of analytical techniques with features capable of analysing such a complex matrix as the human breath, the academic community has focused on developing electronic noses based on arrays of gas sensors. These sensors are assembled considering the excitability, sensitivity and sensing capacities of a specific nanocomposite, graphene. In this way, graphene-based sensors can be employed for a vast range of applications that vary from environmental to medical applications. This review work aims to gather the most relevant published papers under the scope of “Graphene sensors” and “Biomarkers” in order to assess the state of the art in the field of graphene sensors for the purposes of biomarker identification. During the bibliographic search, a total of six pathologies were identified as the focus of the work. They were lung cancer, gastric cancer, chronic kidney diseases, respiratory diseases that involve inflammatory processes of the airways, like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, sleep apnoea and diabetes. The achieved results, current development of the sensing sensors, and main limitations or challenges of the field of graphene sensors are discussed throughout the paper, as well as the features of the experiments addressed.
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spelling pubmed-106744742023-11-19 The State of the Art on Graphene-Based Sensors for Human Health Monitoring through Breath Biomarkers Moura, Pedro Catalão Ribeiro, Paulo António Raposo, Maria Vassilenko, Valentina Sensors (Basel) Review The field of organic-borne biomarkers has been gaining relevance due to its suitability for diagnosing pathologies and health conditions in a rapid, accurate, non-invasive, painless and low-cost way. Due to the lack of analytical techniques with features capable of analysing such a complex matrix as the human breath, the academic community has focused on developing electronic noses based on arrays of gas sensors. These sensors are assembled considering the excitability, sensitivity and sensing capacities of a specific nanocomposite, graphene. In this way, graphene-based sensors can be employed for a vast range of applications that vary from environmental to medical applications. This review work aims to gather the most relevant published papers under the scope of “Graphene sensors” and “Biomarkers” in order to assess the state of the art in the field of graphene sensors for the purposes of biomarker identification. During the bibliographic search, a total of six pathologies were identified as the focus of the work. They were lung cancer, gastric cancer, chronic kidney diseases, respiratory diseases that involve inflammatory processes of the airways, like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, sleep apnoea and diabetes. The achieved results, current development of the sensing sensors, and main limitations or challenges of the field of graphene sensors are discussed throughout the paper, as well as the features of the experiments addressed. MDPI 2023-11-19 /pmc/articles/PMC10674474/ /pubmed/38005657 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23229271 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Moura, Pedro Catalão
Ribeiro, Paulo António
Raposo, Maria
Vassilenko, Valentina
The State of the Art on Graphene-Based Sensors for Human Health Monitoring through Breath Biomarkers
title The State of the Art on Graphene-Based Sensors for Human Health Monitoring through Breath Biomarkers
title_full The State of the Art on Graphene-Based Sensors for Human Health Monitoring through Breath Biomarkers
title_fullStr The State of the Art on Graphene-Based Sensors for Human Health Monitoring through Breath Biomarkers
title_full_unstemmed The State of the Art on Graphene-Based Sensors for Human Health Monitoring through Breath Biomarkers
title_short The State of the Art on Graphene-Based Sensors for Human Health Monitoring through Breath Biomarkers
title_sort state of the art on graphene-based sensors for human health monitoring through breath biomarkers
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10674474/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38005657
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23229271
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