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Characterization of Equine Rhinitis B Virus Infection in Clinically Ill Horses in the United States during the Period 2012–2023

Equine rhinitis B virus is a lesser-known equine respiratory pathogen that is being detected with increasing frequency via a voluntary upper respiratory biosurveillance program in the United States. This program received 8684 nasal swab submissions during the years 2012–2023. The nasal swabs were su...

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Autores principales: Schneider, Chrissie, James, Kaitlyn, Craig, Bryant W., Chappell, Duane E., Vaala, Wendy, van Harreveld, Philip D., Wright, Cara A., Barnum, Samantha, Pusterla, Nicola
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10674924/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38003789
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12111324
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author Schneider, Chrissie
James, Kaitlyn
Craig, Bryant W.
Chappell, Duane E.
Vaala, Wendy
van Harreveld, Philip D.
Wright, Cara A.
Barnum, Samantha
Pusterla, Nicola
author_facet Schneider, Chrissie
James, Kaitlyn
Craig, Bryant W.
Chappell, Duane E.
Vaala, Wendy
van Harreveld, Philip D.
Wright, Cara A.
Barnum, Samantha
Pusterla, Nicola
author_sort Schneider, Chrissie
collection PubMed
description Equine rhinitis B virus is a lesser-known equine respiratory pathogen that is being detected with increasing frequency via a voluntary upper respiratory biosurveillance program in the United States. This program received 8684 nasal swab submissions during the years 2012–2023. The nasal swabs were submitted for qPCR testing for six common upper respiratory pathogens: Streptococcus equi subspecies equi (S. equi), equine influenza virus (EIV), equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1), equine herpesvirus type 4 (EHV-4), equine rhinitis A virus (ERAV), and equine rhinitis B virus (ERBV). The overall ERBV qPCR-positivity rate was 5.08% (441/8684). ERBV was detected as a single pathogen in 291 cases (65.99% of positives, 291/441) and was detected as a coinfection with at least one other respiratory pathogen in 150 cases (34.01%, 150/441). Young horses, less than a year of age, with acute onset of fever and respiratory signs and horses used for competition are more likely to test qPCR-positive for ERBV. Horses with ERBV may present with fever, nasal discharge, ocular discharge, and/or cough. Coinfection is a common feature of ERBV infection and S. equi, EHV-4 and EIV were the most common pathogens coinfected with ERBV. This report provides important information regarding the clinical relevance of ERBV in the horse and begins investigating the impact of coinfection on clinical disease.
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spelling pubmed-106749242023-11-07 Characterization of Equine Rhinitis B Virus Infection in Clinically Ill Horses in the United States during the Period 2012–2023 Schneider, Chrissie James, Kaitlyn Craig, Bryant W. Chappell, Duane E. Vaala, Wendy van Harreveld, Philip D. Wright, Cara A. Barnum, Samantha Pusterla, Nicola Pathogens Article Equine rhinitis B virus is a lesser-known equine respiratory pathogen that is being detected with increasing frequency via a voluntary upper respiratory biosurveillance program in the United States. This program received 8684 nasal swab submissions during the years 2012–2023. The nasal swabs were submitted for qPCR testing for six common upper respiratory pathogens: Streptococcus equi subspecies equi (S. equi), equine influenza virus (EIV), equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1), equine herpesvirus type 4 (EHV-4), equine rhinitis A virus (ERAV), and equine rhinitis B virus (ERBV). The overall ERBV qPCR-positivity rate was 5.08% (441/8684). ERBV was detected as a single pathogen in 291 cases (65.99% of positives, 291/441) and was detected as a coinfection with at least one other respiratory pathogen in 150 cases (34.01%, 150/441). Young horses, less than a year of age, with acute onset of fever and respiratory signs and horses used for competition are more likely to test qPCR-positive for ERBV. Horses with ERBV may present with fever, nasal discharge, ocular discharge, and/or cough. Coinfection is a common feature of ERBV infection and S. equi, EHV-4 and EIV were the most common pathogens coinfected with ERBV. This report provides important information regarding the clinical relevance of ERBV in the horse and begins investigating the impact of coinfection on clinical disease. MDPI 2023-11-07 /pmc/articles/PMC10674924/ /pubmed/38003789 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12111324 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Schneider, Chrissie
James, Kaitlyn
Craig, Bryant W.
Chappell, Duane E.
Vaala, Wendy
van Harreveld, Philip D.
Wright, Cara A.
Barnum, Samantha
Pusterla, Nicola
Characterization of Equine Rhinitis B Virus Infection in Clinically Ill Horses in the United States during the Period 2012–2023
title Characterization of Equine Rhinitis B Virus Infection in Clinically Ill Horses in the United States during the Period 2012–2023
title_full Characterization of Equine Rhinitis B Virus Infection in Clinically Ill Horses in the United States during the Period 2012–2023
title_fullStr Characterization of Equine Rhinitis B Virus Infection in Clinically Ill Horses in the United States during the Period 2012–2023
title_full_unstemmed Characterization of Equine Rhinitis B Virus Infection in Clinically Ill Horses in the United States during the Period 2012–2023
title_short Characterization of Equine Rhinitis B Virus Infection in Clinically Ill Horses in the United States during the Period 2012–2023
title_sort characterization of equine rhinitis b virus infection in clinically ill horses in the united states during the period 2012–2023
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10674924/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38003789
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12111324
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