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Pulmonary Toxicity Assessment after a Single Intratracheal Inhalation of Chlorhexidine Aerosol in Mice

Guanidine disinfectants are important chemical agents with a broad spectrum of activity that are effective against most microorganisms. Chlorhexidine, one of the most used guanidine disinfectants, is added to shampoo and mouthwash and applied in medical device sterilization. During the use of chlorh...

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Autores principales: Zhang, Jianzhong, Jiang, Xinmin, Li, Xin, Sun, He, Wang, Mingyue, Zhang, Wanjun, Li, Haonan, Wang, Hongmei, Zhuang, Min, Zhang, Lin, Lu, Lin, Tang, Jinglong
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10675078/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37999562
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11110910
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author Zhang, Jianzhong
Jiang, Xinmin
Li, Xin
Sun, He
Wang, Mingyue
Zhang, Wanjun
Li, Haonan
Wang, Hongmei
Zhuang, Min
Zhang, Lin
Lu, Lin
Tang, Jinglong
author_facet Zhang, Jianzhong
Jiang, Xinmin
Li, Xin
Sun, He
Wang, Mingyue
Zhang, Wanjun
Li, Haonan
Wang, Hongmei
Zhuang, Min
Zhang, Lin
Lu, Lin
Tang, Jinglong
author_sort Zhang, Jianzhong
collection PubMed
description Guanidine disinfectants are important chemical agents with a broad spectrum of activity that are effective against most microorganisms. Chlorhexidine, one of the most used guanidine disinfectants, is added to shampoo and mouthwash and applied in medical device sterilization. During the use of chlorhexidine, aerosols with micron particle size may be formed, which may cause inhalation toxicity. To assess the toxicity of inhaled chlorhexidine aerosol, mice underwent the intratracheal instillation of different concentrations of chlorhexidine (0, 0.125%, 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1%) using a MicroSprayer Aerosolizer. The mice were exposed for eight weeks and then sacrificed to obtain lung tissue for subsequent experiments. Histopathology staining revealed damaged lung tissues and increased collagen exudation. At the same time, pulmonary function tests showed that chlorhexidine exposure could cause restrictive ventilatory dysfunction, consistent with pulmonary fibrosis. The results of transcriptome analyses suggest that chlorhexidine may trigger an inflammatory response and promote the activation of pathways related to extracellular matrix deposition. Further, we identified that chlorhexidine exposure might enhance mucus secretion by up-regulating Muc5b and Muc5ac genes, thereby inducing fibrosis-like injury. These findings underscore the need for standardized use of disinfectants and the assessment of their inhalation toxicity.
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spelling pubmed-106750782023-11-07 Pulmonary Toxicity Assessment after a Single Intratracheal Inhalation of Chlorhexidine Aerosol in Mice Zhang, Jianzhong Jiang, Xinmin Li, Xin Sun, He Wang, Mingyue Zhang, Wanjun Li, Haonan Wang, Hongmei Zhuang, Min Zhang, Lin Lu, Lin Tang, Jinglong Toxics Article Guanidine disinfectants are important chemical agents with a broad spectrum of activity that are effective against most microorganisms. Chlorhexidine, one of the most used guanidine disinfectants, is added to shampoo and mouthwash and applied in medical device sterilization. During the use of chlorhexidine, aerosols with micron particle size may be formed, which may cause inhalation toxicity. To assess the toxicity of inhaled chlorhexidine aerosol, mice underwent the intratracheal instillation of different concentrations of chlorhexidine (0, 0.125%, 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1%) using a MicroSprayer Aerosolizer. The mice were exposed for eight weeks and then sacrificed to obtain lung tissue for subsequent experiments. Histopathology staining revealed damaged lung tissues and increased collagen exudation. At the same time, pulmonary function tests showed that chlorhexidine exposure could cause restrictive ventilatory dysfunction, consistent with pulmonary fibrosis. The results of transcriptome analyses suggest that chlorhexidine may trigger an inflammatory response and promote the activation of pathways related to extracellular matrix deposition. Further, we identified that chlorhexidine exposure might enhance mucus secretion by up-regulating Muc5b and Muc5ac genes, thereby inducing fibrosis-like injury. These findings underscore the need for standardized use of disinfectants and the assessment of their inhalation toxicity. MDPI 2023-11-07 /pmc/articles/PMC10675078/ /pubmed/37999562 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11110910 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Zhang, Jianzhong
Jiang, Xinmin
Li, Xin
Sun, He
Wang, Mingyue
Zhang, Wanjun
Li, Haonan
Wang, Hongmei
Zhuang, Min
Zhang, Lin
Lu, Lin
Tang, Jinglong
Pulmonary Toxicity Assessment after a Single Intratracheal Inhalation of Chlorhexidine Aerosol in Mice
title Pulmonary Toxicity Assessment after a Single Intratracheal Inhalation of Chlorhexidine Aerosol in Mice
title_full Pulmonary Toxicity Assessment after a Single Intratracheal Inhalation of Chlorhexidine Aerosol in Mice
title_fullStr Pulmonary Toxicity Assessment after a Single Intratracheal Inhalation of Chlorhexidine Aerosol in Mice
title_full_unstemmed Pulmonary Toxicity Assessment after a Single Intratracheal Inhalation of Chlorhexidine Aerosol in Mice
title_short Pulmonary Toxicity Assessment after a Single Intratracheal Inhalation of Chlorhexidine Aerosol in Mice
title_sort pulmonary toxicity assessment after a single intratracheal inhalation of chlorhexidine aerosol in mice
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10675078/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37999562
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11110910
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