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Hormonal Content and Gene Expression during Olive Fruit Growth and Ripening
The cultivated olive (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea var. europaea) is one of the most valuable fruit trees worldwide. However, the hormonal mechanisms underlying the fruit growth and ripening in olives remain largely uncharacterized. In this study, we investigated the physiological and hormonal c...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10675085/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38005729 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12223832 |
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author | Camarero, Maria C. Briegas, Beatriz Corbacho, Jorge Labrador, Juana Gomez-Jimenez, Maria C. |
author_facet | Camarero, Maria C. Briegas, Beatriz Corbacho, Jorge Labrador, Juana Gomez-Jimenez, Maria C. |
author_sort | Camarero, Maria C. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The cultivated olive (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea var. europaea) is one of the most valuable fruit trees worldwide. However, the hormonal mechanisms underlying the fruit growth and ripening in olives remain largely uncharacterized. In this study, we investigated the physiological and hormonal changes, by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS), as well as the expression patterns of hormone-related genes, using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis, during fruit growth and ripening in two olive cultivars, ‘Arbequina’ and ‘Picual’, with contrasting fruit size and shape as well as fruit ripening duration. Hormonal profiling revealed that olive fruit growth involves a lowering of auxin (IAA), cytokinin (CKs), and jasmonic acid (JA) levels as well as a rise in salicylic acid (SA) levels from the endocarp lignification to the onset of fruit ripening in both cultivars. During olive fruit ripening, both abscisic acid (ABA) and anthocyanin levels rose, while JA levels fell, and SA levels showed no significant changes in either cultivar. By contrast, differential accumulation patterns of gibberellins (GAs) were found between the two cultivars during olive fruit growth and ripening. GA(1) was not detected at either stage of fruit development in ‘Arbequina’, revealing a specific association between the GA(1) and ‘Picual’, the cultivar with large sized, elongated, and fast-ripening fruit. Moreover, ABA may play a central role in regulating olive fruit ripening through transcriptional regulation of key ABA metabolism genes, whereas the IAA, CK, and GA levels and/or responsiveness differ between olive cultivars during olive fruit ripening. Taken together, the results indicate that the relative absence or presence of endogenous GA(1) is associated with differences in fruit morphology and size as well as in the ripening duration in olives. Such detailed knowledge may be of help to design new strategies for effective manipulation of olive fruit size as well as ripening duration. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10675085 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-106750852023-11-12 Hormonal Content and Gene Expression during Olive Fruit Growth and Ripening Camarero, Maria C. Briegas, Beatriz Corbacho, Jorge Labrador, Juana Gomez-Jimenez, Maria C. Plants (Basel) Article The cultivated olive (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea var. europaea) is one of the most valuable fruit trees worldwide. However, the hormonal mechanisms underlying the fruit growth and ripening in olives remain largely uncharacterized. In this study, we investigated the physiological and hormonal changes, by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS), as well as the expression patterns of hormone-related genes, using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis, during fruit growth and ripening in two olive cultivars, ‘Arbequina’ and ‘Picual’, with contrasting fruit size and shape as well as fruit ripening duration. Hormonal profiling revealed that olive fruit growth involves a lowering of auxin (IAA), cytokinin (CKs), and jasmonic acid (JA) levels as well as a rise in salicylic acid (SA) levels from the endocarp lignification to the onset of fruit ripening in both cultivars. During olive fruit ripening, both abscisic acid (ABA) and anthocyanin levels rose, while JA levels fell, and SA levels showed no significant changes in either cultivar. By contrast, differential accumulation patterns of gibberellins (GAs) were found between the two cultivars during olive fruit growth and ripening. GA(1) was not detected at either stage of fruit development in ‘Arbequina’, revealing a specific association between the GA(1) and ‘Picual’, the cultivar with large sized, elongated, and fast-ripening fruit. Moreover, ABA may play a central role in regulating olive fruit ripening through transcriptional regulation of key ABA metabolism genes, whereas the IAA, CK, and GA levels and/or responsiveness differ between olive cultivars during olive fruit ripening. Taken together, the results indicate that the relative absence or presence of endogenous GA(1) is associated with differences in fruit morphology and size as well as in the ripening duration in olives. Such detailed knowledge may be of help to design new strategies for effective manipulation of olive fruit size as well as ripening duration. MDPI 2023-11-12 /pmc/articles/PMC10675085/ /pubmed/38005729 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12223832 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Camarero, Maria C. Briegas, Beatriz Corbacho, Jorge Labrador, Juana Gomez-Jimenez, Maria C. Hormonal Content and Gene Expression during Olive Fruit Growth and Ripening |
title | Hormonal Content and Gene Expression during Olive Fruit Growth and Ripening |
title_full | Hormonal Content and Gene Expression during Olive Fruit Growth and Ripening |
title_fullStr | Hormonal Content and Gene Expression during Olive Fruit Growth and Ripening |
title_full_unstemmed | Hormonal Content and Gene Expression during Olive Fruit Growth and Ripening |
title_short | Hormonal Content and Gene Expression during Olive Fruit Growth and Ripening |
title_sort | hormonal content and gene expression during olive fruit growth and ripening |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10675085/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38005729 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12223832 |
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