DICER-LIKE2 Plays a Crucial Role in Rice Stripe Virus Coat Protein-Mediated Virus Resistance in Arabidopsis

Virus coat protein (CP)-mediated resistance is considered an effective antiviral defense strategy that has been used to develop robust resistance to viral infection. Rice stripe virus (RSV) causes significant losses in rice production in eastern Asia. We previously showed that the overexpression of RSV CP in Arabidopsis plants results in immunity to RSV infection, using the RSV-Arabidopsis pathosystem, and this CP-mediated viral resistance depends on the function of DCLs and is mostly involved in RNA silencing. However, the special role of DCLs in producing t-siRNAs in CP transgenic Arabidopsis plants is not fully understood. In this study, we show that RSV CP transgenic Arabidopsis plants with the dcl2 mutant background exhibited similar virus susceptibility to non-transgenic plants and were accompanied by the absence of transgene-derived small interfering RNAs (t-siRNAs) from the CP region. The dcl2 mutation eliminated the accumulation of CP-derived t-siRNAs, including those generated by other DCL enzymes. In contrast, we also developed RSV CP transgenic Arabidopsis plants with the dcl4 mutant background, and these CP transgenic plants showed immunity to virus infection and accumulated comparable amounts of CP-derived t-siRNAs to CP transgenic Arabidopsis plants with the wild-type background except for a significant increase in the abundance of 22 nt t-siRNA reads. Overall, our data indicate that DCL2 plays an essential, as opposed to redundant, role in CP-derived t-siRNA production and induces virus resistance in RSV CP transgenic Arabidopsis plants.