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Megalurothrips usitatus Directly Causes the Black-Heads and Black-Tail Symptoms of Cowpea along with the Production of Insect-Resistance Flavonoids

The thrip (Megalurothrips usitatus) damages the flowers and pods of the cowpea, causing “black-heads and black-tails” (BHBT) symptoms and negatively affecting its economic value. However, the mechanism by which BHBT symptoms develop is still unknown. Our results showed that the microstructure of the...

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Autores principales: He, Yunchuan, Gao, Yang, Hong, Hainuo, Geng, Jiamei, Chen, Qiulin, Zhou, Ying, Zhu, Zengrong
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10675644/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38005760
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12223865
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author He, Yunchuan
Gao, Yang
Hong, Hainuo
Geng, Jiamei
Chen, Qiulin
Zhou, Ying
Zhu, Zengrong
author_facet He, Yunchuan
Gao, Yang
Hong, Hainuo
Geng, Jiamei
Chen, Qiulin
Zhou, Ying
Zhu, Zengrong
author_sort He, Yunchuan
collection PubMed
description The thrip (Megalurothrips usitatus) damages the flowers and pods of the cowpea, causing “black-heads and black-tails” (BHBT) symptoms and negatively affecting its economic value. However, the mechanism by which BHBT symptoms develop is still unknown. Our results showed that the microstructure of the pod epidermis was altered and the content of the plant’s resistance-related compounds increased after a thrip infestation. However, the contents of protein and free amino acids did not change significantly, suggesting that the nutritional value was not altered. Pathogens were found not to be involved in the formation of BHBT symptoms, as fungi and pathogenic bacteria were not enriched in damaged pods. Two herbivory-induced flavonoids—7,4′-dihydroxyflavone and coumestrol—were found to exert insecticidal activity. Our study clarified that BHBT symptoms are directly caused by the thrip. Thresholds for pest control need to be reconsidered as thrip herbivory did not degrade cowpea nutrition.
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spelling pubmed-106756442023-11-15 Megalurothrips usitatus Directly Causes the Black-Heads and Black-Tail Symptoms of Cowpea along with the Production of Insect-Resistance Flavonoids He, Yunchuan Gao, Yang Hong, Hainuo Geng, Jiamei Chen, Qiulin Zhou, Ying Zhu, Zengrong Plants (Basel) Article The thrip (Megalurothrips usitatus) damages the flowers and pods of the cowpea, causing “black-heads and black-tails” (BHBT) symptoms and negatively affecting its economic value. However, the mechanism by which BHBT symptoms develop is still unknown. Our results showed that the microstructure of the pod epidermis was altered and the content of the plant’s resistance-related compounds increased after a thrip infestation. However, the contents of protein and free amino acids did not change significantly, suggesting that the nutritional value was not altered. Pathogens were found not to be involved in the formation of BHBT symptoms, as fungi and pathogenic bacteria were not enriched in damaged pods. Two herbivory-induced flavonoids—7,4′-dihydroxyflavone and coumestrol—were found to exert insecticidal activity. Our study clarified that BHBT symptoms are directly caused by the thrip. Thresholds for pest control need to be reconsidered as thrip herbivory did not degrade cowpea nutrition. MDPI 2023-11-15 /pmc/articles/PMC10675644/ /pubmed/38005760 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12223865 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
He, Yunchuan
Gao, Yang
Hong, Hainuo
Geng, Jiamei
Chen, Qiulin
Zhou, Ying
Zhu, Zengrong
Megalurothrips usitatus Directly Causes the Black-Heads and Black-Tail Symptoms of Cowpea along with the Production of Insect-Resistance Flavonoids
title Megalurothrips usitatus Directly Causes the Black-Heads and Black-Tail Symptoms of Cowpea along with the Production of Insect-Resistance Flavonoids
title_full Megalurothrips usitatus Directly Causes the Black-Heads and Black-Tail Symptoms of Cowpea along with the Production of Insect-Resistance Flavonoids
title_fullStr Megalurothrips usitatus Directly Causes the Black-Heads and Black-Tail Symptoms of Cowpea along with the Production of Insect-Resistance Flavonoids
title_full_unstemmed Megalurothrips usitatus Directly Causes the Black-Heads and Black-Tail Symptoms of Cowpea along with the Production of Insect-Resistance Flavonoids
title_short Megalurothrips usitatus Directly Causes the Black-Heads and Black-Tail Symptoms of Cowpea along with the Production of Insect-Resistance Flavonoids
title_sort megalurothrips usitatus directly causes the black-heads and black-tail symptoms of cowpea along with the production of insect-resistance flavonoids
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10675644/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38005760
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12223865
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