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Transcriptome Analysis of Macrophytes’ Myriophyllum spicatum Response to Ammonium Nitrogen Stress Using the Whole Plant Individual
Ammonium toxicity in macrophytes reduces growth and development due to a disrupted metabolism and high carbon requirements for internal ammonium detoxification. To provide more molecular support for ammonium detoxification in the above-ground and below-ground parts of Myriophyllum spicatum, we separ...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10675724/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38005772 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12223875 |
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author | Ochieng, Wyckliffe Ayoma Wei, Li Wagutu, Godfrey Kinyori Xian, Ling Muthui, Samuel Wamburu Ogada, Stephen Otieno, Duncan Ochieng Linda, Elive Limunga Liu, Fan |
author_facet | Ochieng, Wyckliffe Ayoma Wei, Li Wagutu, Godfrey Kinyori Xian, Ling Muthui, Samuel Wamburu Ogada, Stephen Otieno, Duncan Ochieng Linda, Elive Limunga Liu, Fan |
author_sort | Ochieng, Wyckliffe Ayoma |
collection | PubMed |
description | Ammonium toxicity in macrophytes reduces growth and development due to a disrupted metabolism and high carbon requirements for internal ammonium detoxification. To provide more molecular support for ammonium detoxification in the above-ground and below-ground parts of Myriophyllum spicatum, we separated (using hermetic bags) the aqueous medium surrounding the below-ground from that surrounding the above-ground and explored the genes in these two regions. The results showed an upregulation of asparagine synthetase genes under high ammonium concentrations. Furthermore, the transcriptional down and/or upregulation of other genes involved in nitrogen metabolism, including glutamate dehydrogenase, ammonium transporter, and aspartate aminotransferase in above-ground and below-ground parts were crucial for ammonium homeostasis under high ammonium concentrations. The results suggest that, apart from the primary pathway and alternative pathway, the asparagine metabolic pathway plays a crucial role in ammonium detoxification in macrophytes. Therefore, the complex genetic regulatory network in M. spicatum contributes to its ammonium tolerance, and the above-ground part is the most important in ammonium detoxification. Nevertheless, there is a need to incorporate an open-field experimental setup for a conclusive picture of nitrogen dynamics, toxicity, and the molecular response of M. spicatum in the natural environment. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10675724 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-106757242023-11-16 Transcriptome Analysis of Macrophytes’ Myriophyllum spicatum Response to Ammonium Nitrogen Stress Using the Whole Plant Individual Ochieng, Wyckliffe Ayoma Wei, Li Wagutu, Godfrey Kinyori Xian, Ling Muthui, Samuel Wamburu Ogada, Stephen Otieno, Duncan Ochieng Linda, Elive Limunga Liu, Fan Plants (Basel) Article Ammonium toxicity in macrophytes reduces growth and development due to a disrupted metabolism and high carbon requirements for internal ammonium detoxification. To provide more molecular support for ammonium detoxification in the above-ground and below-ground parts of Myriophyllum spicatum, we separated (using hermetic bags) the aqueous medium surrounding the below-ground from that surrounding the above-ground and explored the genes in these two regions. The results showed an upregulation of asparagine synthetase genes under high ammonium concentrations. Furthermore, the transcriptional down and/or upregulation of other genes involved in nitrogen metabolism, including glutamate dehydrogenase, ammonium transporter, and aspartate aminotransferase in above-ground and below-ground parts were crucial for ammonium homeostasis under high ammonium concentrations. The results suggest that, apart from the primary pathway and alternative pathway, the asparagine metabolic pathway plays a crucial role in ammonium detoxification in macrophytes. Therefore, the complex genetic regulatory network in M. spicatum contributes to its ammonium tolerance, and the above-ground part is the most important in ammonium detoxification. Nevertheless, there is a need to incorporate an open-field experimental setup for a conclusive picture of nitrogen dynamics, toxicity, and the molecular response of M. spicatum in the natural environment. MDPI 2023-11-16 /pmc/articles/PMC10675724/ /pubmed/38005772 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12223875 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Ochieng, Wyckliffe Ayoma Wei, Li Wagutu, Godfrey Kinyori Xian, Ling Muthui, Samuel Wamburu Ogada, Stephen Otieno, Duncan Ochieng Linda, Elive Limunga Liu, Fan Transcriptome Analysis of Macrophytes’ Myriophyllum spicatum Response to Ammonium Nitrogen Stress Using the Whole Plant Individual |
title | Transcriptome Analysis of Macrophytes’ Myriophyllum spicatum Response to Ammonium Nitrogen Stress Using the Whole Plant Individual |
title_full | Transcriptome Analysis of Macrophytes’ Myriophyllum spicatum Response to Ammonium Nitrogen Stress Using the Whole Plant Individual |
title_fullStr | Transcriptome Analysis of Macrophytes’ Myriophyllum spicatum Response to Ammonium Nitrogen Stress Using the Whole Plant Individual |
title_full_unstemmed | Transcriptome Analysis of Macrophytes’ Myriophyllum spicatum Response to Ammonium Nitrogen Stress Using the Whole Plant Individual |
title_short | Transcriptome Analysis of Macrophytes’ Myriophyllum spicatum Response to Ammonium Nitrogen Stress Using the Whole Plant Individual |
title_sort | transcriptome analysis of macrophytes’ myriophyllum spicatum response to ammonium nitrogen stress using the whole plant individual |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10675724/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38005772 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12223875 |
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