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Recurrent Neural Network Methods for Extracting Dynamic Balance Variables during Gait from a Single Inertial Measurement Unit

Monitoring dynamic balance during gait is critical for fall prevention in the elderly. The current study aimed to develop recurrent neural network models for extracting balance variables from a single inertial measurement unit (IMU) placed on the sacrum during walking. Thirteen healthy young and thi...

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Autores principales: Yu, Cheng-Hao, Yeh, Chih-Ching, Lu, Yi-Fu, Lu, Yi-Ling, Wang, Ting-Ming, Lin, Frank Yeong-Sung, Lu, Tung-Wu
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10675772/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38005428
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23229040
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author Yu, Cheng-Hao
Yeh, Chih-Ching
Lu, Yi-Fu
Lu, Yi-Ling
Wang, Ting-Ming
Lin, Frank Yeong-Sung
Lu, Tung-Wu
author_facet Yu, Cheng-Hao
Yeh, Chih-Ching
Lu, Yi-Fu
Lu, Yi-Ling
Wang, Ting-Ming
Lin, Frank Yeong-Sung
Lu, Tung-Wu
author_sort Yu, Cheng-Hao
collection PubMed
description Monitoring dynamic balance during gait is critical for fall prevention in the elderly. The current study aimed to develop recurrent neural network models for extracting balance variables from a single inertial measurement unit (IMU) placed on the sacrum during walking. Thirteen healthy young and thirteen healthy older adults wore the IMU during walking and the ground truth of the inclination angles (IA) of the center of pressure to the center of mass vector and their rates of changes (RCIA) were measured simultaneously. The IA, RCIA, and IMU data were used to train four models (uni-LSTM, bi-LSTM, uni-GRU, and bi-GRU), with 10% of the data reserved to evaluate the model errors in terms of the root-mean-squared errors (RMSEs) and percentage relative RMSEs (rRMSEs). Independent t-tests were used for between-group comparisons. The sensitivity, specificity, and Pearson’s r for the effect sizes between the model-predicted data and experimental ground truth were also obtained. The bi-GRU with the weighted MSE model was found to have the highest prediction accuracy, computational efficiency, and the best ability in identifying statistical between-group differences when compared with the ground truth, which would be the best choice for the prolonged real-life monitoring of gait balance for fall risk management in the elderly.
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spelling pubmed-106757722023-11-08 Recurrent Neural Network Methods for Extracting Dynamic Balance Variables during Gait from a Single Inertial Measurement Unit Yu, Cheng-Hao Yeh, Chih-Ching Lu, Yi-Fu Lu, Yi-Ling Wang, Ting-Ming Lin, Frank Yeong-Sung Lu, Tung-Wu Sensors (Basel) Article Monitoring dynamic balance during gait is critical for fall prevention in the elderly. The current study aimed to develop recurrent neural network models for extracting balance variables from a single inertial measurement unit (IMU) placed on the sacrum during walking. Thirteen healthy young and thirteen healthy older adults wore the IMU during walking and the ground truth of the inclination angles (IA) of the center of pressure to the center of mass vector and their rates of changes (RCIA) were measured simultaneously. The IA, RCIA, and IMU data were used to train four models (uni-LSTM, bi-LSTM, uni-GRU, and bi-GRU), with 10% of the data reserved to evaluate the model errors in terms of the root-mean-squared errors (RMSEs) and percentage relative RMSEs (rRMSEs). Independent t-tests were used for between-group comparisons. The sensitivity, specificity, and Pearson’s r for the effect sizes between the model-predicted data and experimental ground truth were also obtained. The bi-GRU with the weighted MSE model was found to have the highest prediction accuracy, computational efficiency, and the best ability in identifying statistical between-group differences when compared with the ground truth, which would be the best choice for the prolonged real-life monitoring of gait balance for fall risk management in the elderly. MDPI 2023-11-08 /pmc/articles/PMC10675772/ /pubmed/38005428 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23229040 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Yu, Cheng-Hao
Yeh, Chih-Ching
Lu, Yi-Fu
Lu, Yi-Ling
Wang, Ting-Ming
Lin, Frank Yeong-Sung
Lu, Tung-Wu
Recurrent Neural Network Methods for Extracting Dynamic Balance Variables during Gait from a Single Inertial Measurement Unit
title Recurrent Neural Network Methods for Extracting Dynamic Balance Variables during Gait from a Single Inertial Measurement Unit
title_full Recurrent Neural Network Methods for Extracting Dynamic Balance Variables during Gait from a Single Inertial Measurement Unit
title_fullStr Recurrent Neural Network Methods for Extracting Dynamic Balance Variables during Gait from a Single Inertial Measurement Unit
title_full_unstemmed Recurrent Neural Network Methods for Extracting Dynamic Balance Variables during Gait from a Single Inertial Measurement Unit
title_short Recurrent Neural Network Methods for Extracting Dynamic Balance Variables during Gait from a Single Inertial Measurement Unit
title_sort recurrent neural network methods for extracting dynamic balance variables during gait from a single inertial measurement unit
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10675772/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38005428
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23229040
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