Research on the comparison of impact resistance characteristics between energy absorption and conventional hydraulic columns in fluid–solid coupling

Rock burst disaster affects underground mining safety. The energy-absorbing hydraulic support for preventing tunnel impact has been implemented in rock burst mines. In order to compare the impact resistance characteristics of conventional columns and energy-absorbing columns, based on the derivation of energy theory, the CEL fluid–solid coupling simulation algorithm is used to simulate the process of static load 1000 kN superimposed impact load 1500 kN on φ180 mm type conventional column and energy-absorbing column. Combined with the static-dynamic combined test of the 6500 kN impact testing machine on the column, the accuracy and reliability of the CEL simulation column impact response are verified. The results showed that compared with conventional columns, the reaction force of energy-absorbing columns is reduced by 32.55%. The stress and expansion of the cylinder are significantly reduced. The acceleration of the mass movement has been reduced by 59.46%. The addition of the energy-absorbing device enhances the system's energy absorption by 33.46%, thereby reducing the energy absorption of the column itself to 23.58%. Additionally, the deformation of the energy-absorbing device increases the effective displacement by 239.45%. This also prolongs the impact duration, ensuring sufficient time for the safety valve to open, safeguarding the support from damage, and enhancing the overall integrity of the tunnel.