Diagnostic accuracy of percutaneous core biopsy before cryoablation for small-sized renal cell carcinoma

PURPOSE: To retrospectively determine the diagnostic accuracy of a percutaneous core biopsy performed before cryoablation for small-sized renal cell carcinoma. METHODS: In this study, 216 patients underwent a percutaneous core biopsy for 242 renal lesions suspected to be renal cell carcinoma on image findings before cryoablation at Kyushu University Hospital. We calculated the success rate of the histological diagnosis and investigated factors that may have contributed to the diagnostic success. Complications caused by the biopsy procedure were also evaluated. RESULTS: The histological diagnosis was successful in 203 lesions (82.8%). The success rate of the histological diagnosis was 65.4% (34/52 cases) for tumors with a diameter of ≤15 mm and 88.9% (169/190 cases) for those >15 mm. Therefore, tumor diameter was a factor contributing to the histological diagnosis success rate in both univariate and multivariable analyses (P < 0.001). For lesions with a tumor diameter ≤15 mm, the histological diagnosis success rates increased from 50.0% to 76.2% in the presence of pre-lipiodol marking and to 85.7% when the biopsy procedure was performed separately from cryoablation; the latter was statistically significant (P = 0.039). Major complications that may have been caused by the biopsy procedure were grade 3 bleeding and tract seeding (one case each). CONCLUSION: Percutaneous core biopsy in cryoablation for small-sized renal cell carcinoma had a high diagnostic rate and was safely performed. For lesions with a tumor diameter ≤15 mm, a separate biopsy procedure and pre-lipiodol marking may improve the diagnostic accuracy.