Effects of preoperative anxiety level on pain level and joint functions after total knee arthroplasty

This study examined the effect of preoperative anxiety level on postoperative pain, opioid and nonopioid analgesic use requirements and joint function in patients undergoing primary knee arthroplasty for knee osteoarthritis. 106 patients were included in the study. Situational anxiety score (STAI-S) and trait anxiety score (STAI-T) were divided into two groups as below and above 40. Visual analog scale (VAS), Lysholm scores, and anxiety levels were assessed preoperatively, at the third and sixth month postoperatively to investigate their effects on the use of opioid and non-opioid drugs during the postoperative period. For those with low situational and trait anxiety scores, the median duration of hospital stays was significantly shorter compared to those with high anxiety scores. In groups where anxiety levels were initially low, the median anxiety levels at the postoperative 3rd month were also observed to be lower compared to the other group. In the same groups, the median VAS values and the median Lysholm knee scores were significantly better both preoperatively and at the postoperative 3rd month compared to the other group. There was no significant difference in Lysholm score between the two groups at the 6th postoperative month. Similarly, in the preoperative period, groups with low anxiety levels had a significantly lower median usage of both opioids and non-opioids compared to the other group. These findings suggest that high preoperative anxiety may have a negative effect on functional outcomes in the early postoperative period, but this effect disappeared at 6 months. It can be concluded that reducing preoperative anxiety may have a positive effect on early outcomes. We believe that preoperative psychological evaluation and treatment can increase the satisfaction level in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA).