Persistent NRG1 Type III Overexpression in Spinal Motor Neurons Has No Therapeutic Effect on ALS-Related Pathology in SOD1(G93A) Mice

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease affecting upper and lower motor neurons (MNs). Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) is a pleiotropic growth factor that has been shown to be potentially valuable for ALS when supplemented by means of viral-mediated gene therapy. However, these results are inconsistent with other reports. An alternative approach for investigating the therapeutic impact of NRG1 on ALS is the use of transgenic mouse lines with genetically defined NRG1 overexpression. Here, we took advantage of a mouse line with NRG1 type III overexpression in spinal cord α motor neurons (MN) to determine the impact of steadily enhanced NRG1 signalling on mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1)-induced disease. The phenotype of SOD1(G93A)-NRG1 double transgenic mice was analysed in detail, including neuropathology and extensive behavioural testing. At least 3 animals per condition and sex were histopathologically assessed, and a minimum of 10 mice per condition and sex were clinically evaluated. The accumulation of misfolded SOD1 (mfSOD1), MN degeneration, and a glia-mediated neuroinflammatory response are pathological hallmarks of ALS progression in SOD1(G93A) mice. None of these aspects was significantly improved when examined in double transgenic NRG1-SOD1(G93A) mice. In addition, behavioural testing revealed that NRG1 type III overexpression did not affect the survival of SOD1(G93A) mice but accelerated disease onset and worsened the motor phenotype. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13311-023-01424-x.