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Automated silylation of flavonoids using 3D printed microfluidics prior to chromatographic analysis: system development
Flavonoids are a class of secondary plant metabolites with low molecular weights. Most flavonoids are highly polar and unsuitable for gas chromatographic analyses. Derivatization is commonly used to make them amenable to gas chromatography by altering their physicochemical properties. Although highl...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10684624/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37804326 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-023-04981-4 |
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author | Ncongwane, Thabang Bernette Ndinteh, Derek Tantoh Smit, Elize |
author_facet | Ncongwane, Thabang Bernette Ndinteh, Derek Tantoh Smit, Elize |
author_sort | Ncongwane, Thabang Bernette |
collection | PubMed |
description | Flavonoids are a class of secondary plant metabolites with low molecular weights. Most flavonoids are highly polar and unsuitable for gas chromatographic analyses. Derivatization is commonly used to make them amenable to gas chromatography by altering their physicochemical properties. Although highly effective, derivatization techniques introduce extra preparation steps and often use hazardous chemicals. The aim of this study was to automate derivatization (specifically, silylation) by developing 3D printed microfluidic devices in which derivatization of flavonoids can occur. A microfluidic device was designed and 3D printed using clear polypropylene. Quercetin and other flavonoids (TED 13 and ZTF 1016) isolated from plant extracts were silylated with N-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-N-methyltrifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA) at room temperature both in batch and in continuous flow. All the samples were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC–MS), and high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry (HR-MS). Interestingly, the HR-MS results showed that the flow method was about 25 times more efficient than the batch method for quercetin samples. The TED 13 flavonoid was completely derivatized in the flow method compared to the batch method where the reaction was incomplete. Similar results were observed for ZTF 1016, where the flow method resulted in a four times derivatized compound, while the compound was only derivatized once in batch. In conclusion, 3D printed microfluidic devices have been developed and used to demonstrate a semi-automated, inexpensive, and more efficient natural product derivatization method based on continuous flow chemistry as an alternative to the traditional batch method. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00216-023-04981-4. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10684624 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-106846242023-11-30 Automated silylation of flavonoids using 3D printed microfluidics prior to chromatographic analysis: system development Ncongwane, Thabang Bernette Ndinteh, Derek Tantoh Smit, Elize Anal Bioanal Chem Research Paper Flavonoids are a class of secondary plant metabolites with low molecular weights. Most flavonoids are highly polar and unsuitable for gas chromatographic analyses. Derivatization is commonly used to make them amenable to gas chromatography by altering their physicochemical properties. Although highly effective, derivatization techniques introduce extra preparation steps and often use hazardous chemicals. The aim of this study was to automate derivatization (specifically, silylation) by developing 3D printed microfluidic devices in which derivatization of flavonoids can occur. A microfluidic device was designed and 3D printed using clear polypropylene. Quercetin and other flavonoids (TED 13 and ZTF 1016) isolated from plant extracts were silylated with N-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-N-methyltrifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA) at room temperature both in batch and in continuous flow. All the samples were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC–MS), and high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry (HR-MS). Interestingly, the HR-MS results showed that the flow method was about 25 times more efficient than the batch method for quercetin samples. The TED 13 flavonoid was completely derivatized in the flow method compared to the batch method where the reaction was incomplete. Similar results were observed for ZTF 1016, where the flow method resulted in a four times derivatized compound, while the compound was only derivatized once in batch. In conclusion, 3D printed microfluidic devices have been developed and used to demonstrate a semi-automated, inexpensive, and more efficient natural product derivatization method based on continuous flow chemistry as an alternative to the traditional batch method. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00216-023-04981-4. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2023-10-07 2023 /pmc/articles/PMC10684624/ /pubmed/37804326 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-023-04981-4 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Research Paper Ncongwane, Thabang Bernette Ndinteh, Derek Tantoh Smit, Elize Automated silylation of flavonoids using 3D printed microfluidics prior to chromatographic analysis: system development |
title | Automated silylation of flavonoids using 3D printed microfluidics prior to chromatographic analysis: system development |
title_full | Automated silylation of flavonoids using 3D printed microfluidics prior to chromatographic analysis: system development |
title_fullStr | Automated silylation of flavonoids using 3D printed microfluidics prior to chromatographic analysis: system development |
title_full_unstemmed | Automated silylation of flavonoids using 3D printed microfluidics prior to chromatographic analysis: system development |
title_short | Automated silylation of flavonoids using 3D printed microfluidics prior to chromatographic analysis: system development |
title_sort | automated silylation of flavonoids using 3d printed microfluidics prior to chromatographic analysis: system development |
topic | Research Paper |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10684624/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37804326 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-023-04981-4 |
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