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Distribution of water turnover by sex and age as estimated by prediction equation in Japanese adolescents and adults: the 2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan

BACKGROUND: Although water is essential to the maintenance of health and life, standard values for human water requirements are yet to be determined. This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of water turnover (WT) according to sex and age, estimated using a prediction equation, in Japanese adol...

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Autores principales: Watanabe, Daiki, Inoue, Yumiko, Miyachi, Motohiko
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10685525/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38017435
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12937-023-00896-z
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author Watanabe, Daiki
Inoue, Yumiko
Miyachi, Motohiko
author_facet Watanabe, Daiki
Inoue, Yumiko
Miyachi, Motohiko
author_sort Watanabe, Daiki
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Although water is essential to the maintenance of health and life, standard values for human water requirements are yet to be determined. This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of water turnover (WT) according to sex and age, estimated using a prediction equation, in Japanese adolescents and adults. METHODS: This cross-sectional study used data from the 2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan. Data were obtained from electronically available aggregated reports in the survey’s official website. Participants aged between 15 and 80 years (10,546 men, 12,355 women) were selected using stratified random sampling. WT was calculated considering lifestyle and environmental factors, and using an equation (coefficient of determination = 0.471) previously developed by the international doubly labelled water (DLW) database group. As data on physical activity levels (PAL) were not collected in the survey, we used two evaluation methods: (1) energy intake assessed by dietary records and (2) total energy expenditure measured by the DLW method reported in previous Japanese studies, divided by basal metabolic rate predicted using the equation. We evaluated the relationship between WT and age using a restricted cubic spline model. RESULTS: The average WT for the 15–19, 20–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, and ≥ 70 years was 3291, 3151, 3213, 3243, 3205, 3104, and 2790 ml/day, respectively in men, and 2641, 2594, 2741, 2739, 2753, 2707, and 2482 ml/day, respectively in women. In the spline model, WT showed an inverse association with age in men older than 50 years, whereas women showed a reverse U-shaped relationship between WT and age (p for non-linearity < 0.001), although results differed with body weight adjustment. Similar results were found for both PAL evaluation methods, and the range of WT per body weight was 45–56 ml/day for both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: We determined the standard values of WT in Japanese population using a prediction equation and national large-scale survey data. These findings may be useful for setting water requirements for dietary guidelines in future. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12937-023-00896-z.
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spelling pubmed-106855252023-11-30 Distribution of water turnover by sex and age as estimated by prediction equation in Japanese adolescents and adults: the 2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan Watanabe, Daiki Inoue, Yumiko Miyachi, Motohiko Nutr J Research BACKGROUND: Although water is essential to the maintenance of health and life, standard values for human water requirements are yet to be determined. This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of water turnover (WT) according to sex and age, estimated using a prediction equation, in Japanese adolescents and adults. METHODS: This cross-sectional study used data from the 2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan. Data were obtained from electronically available aggregated reports in the survey’s official website. Participants aged between 15 and 80 years (10,546 men, 12,355 women) were selected using stratified random sampling. WT was calculated considering lifestyle and environmental factors, and using an equation (coefficient of determination = 0.471) previously developed by the international doubly labelled water (DLW) database group. As data on physical activity levels (PAL) were not collected in the survey, we used two evaluation methods: (1) energy intake assessed by dietary records and (2) total energy expenditure measured by the DLW method reported in previous Japanese studies, divided by basal metabolic rate predicted using the equation. We evaluated the relationship between WT and age using a restricted cubic spline model. RESULTS: The average WT for the 15–19, 20–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, and ≥ 70 years was 3291, 3151, 3213, 3243, 3205, 3104, and 2790 ml/day, respectively in men, and 2641, 2594, 2741, 2739, 2753, 2707, and 2482 ml/day, respectively in women. In the spline model, WT showed an inverse association with age in men older than 50 years, whereas women showed a reverse U-shaped relationship between WT and age (p for non-linearity < 0.001), although results differed with body weight adjustment. Similar results were found for both PAL evaluation methods, and the range of WT per body weight was 45–56 ml/day for both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: We determined the standard values of WT in Japanese population using a prediction equation and national large-scale survey data. These findings may be useful for setting water requirements for dietary guidelines in future. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12937-023-00896-z. BioMed Central 2023-11-29 /pmc/articles/PMC10685525/ /pubmed/38017435 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12937-023-00896-z Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
Watanabe, Daiki
Inoue, Yumiko
Miyachi, Motohiko
Distribution of water turnover by sex and age as estimated by prediction equation in Japanese adolescents and adults: the 2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan
title Distribution of water turnover by sex and age as estimated by prediction equation in Japanese adolescents and adults: the 2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan
title_full Distribution of water turnover by sex and age as estimated by prediction equation in Japanese adolescents and adults: the 2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan
title_fullStr Distribution of water turnover by sex and age as estimated by prediction equation in Japanese adolescents and adults: the 2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan
title_full_unstemmed Distribution of water turnover by sex and age as estimated by prediction equation in Japanese adolescents and adults: the 2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan
title_short Distribution of water turnover by sex and age as estimated by prediction equation in Japanese adolescents and adults: the 2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan
title_sort distribution of water turnover by sex and age as estimated by prediction equation in japanese adolescents and adults: the 2016 national health and nutrition survey, japan
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10685525/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38017435
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12937-023-00896-z
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