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Estimated causal effects of common respiratory infections on cardiovascular risk: a meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE: Literature supports associations between common respiratory tract infections (RTIs) and risk of cardiovascular diseases, yet the importance of RTIs for cardiovascular risk management remains less understood. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the causal effects of...

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Autores principales: la Roi-Teeuw, Hannah M, van Smeden, Maarten, Bos, Maureen, de Wilde, Sophie M, Yang, Bada, Rutten, Frans H, Geersing, Geert-Jan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BMJ Publishing Group 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10685931/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38016788
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2023-002501
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author la Roi-Teeuw, Hannah M
van Smeden, Maarten
Bos, Maureen
de Wilde, Sophie M
Yang, Bada
Rutten, Frans H
Geersing, Geert-Jan
author_facet la Roi-Teeuw, Hannah M
van Smeden, Maarten
Bos, Maureen
de Wilde, Sophie M
Yang, Bada
Rutten, Frans H
Geersing, Geert-Jan
author_sort la Roi-Teeuw, Hannah M
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVE: Literature supports associations between common respiratory tract infections (RTIs) and risk of cardiovascular diseases, yet the importance of RTIs for cardiovascular risk management remains less understood. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the causal effects of RTIs on occurrence of cardiovascular diseases in the general population. METHODS: MEDLINE and EMBASE were systematically searched up to 4 November 2022. Eligible were all aetiological studies evaluating risk of cardiovascular outcomes after exposure to common RTIs within any follow-up duration. Evidence was pooled using random-effects models if data allowed. The ROBINS-E and GRADE approaches were used to rate risk of bias and certainty of evidence, respectively. All assessments were performed in duplicate. RESULTS: We included 34 studies (65 678 650 individuals). Most studies had a high risk of bias. COVID-19 likely increases relative risk (RR (95% CI)) of myocardial infarction (3.3 (1.0 to 11.0)), stroke (3.5 (1.2 to 10)), pulmonary embolism (24.6 (13.5 to 44.9)) and deep venous thrombosis (7.8 (4.3 to 14.4)) within 30 days after infection (GRADE: moderate) and about twofold within 1 year (GRADE: low to moderate). Other RTIs also likely increase the RR of myocardial infarction (2.9 (95% CI 1.8 to 4.9)) and stroke (2.6 (95% CI 1.1 to 6.4)) within 30 days (GRADE: moderate), and to a lesser extent with longer follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: RTIs likely increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases about 1.5–5 fold within 1 month after infection. RTIs may, therefore, have clinical relevance as target for cardiovascular risk management, especially in high-risk populations. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42023416277.
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spelling pubmed-106859312023-11-30 Estimated causal effects of common respiratory infections on cardiovascular risk: a meta-analysis la Roi-Teeuw, Hannah M van Smeden, Maarten Bos, Maureen de Wilde, Sophie M Yang, Bada Rutten, Frans H Geersing, Geert-Jan Open Heart Meta-Analysis OBJECTIVE: Literature supports associations between common respiratory tract infections (RTIs) and risk of cardiovascular diseases, yet the importance of RTIs for cardiovascular risk management remains less understood. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the causal effects of RTIs on occurrence of cardiovascular diseases in the general population. METHODS: MEDLINE and EMBASE were systematically searched up to 4 November 2022. Eligible were all aetiological studies evaluating risk of cardiovascular outcomes after exposure to common RTIs within any follow-up duration. Evidence was pooled using random-effects models if data allowed. The ROBINS-E and GRADE approaches were used to rate risk of bias and certainty of evidence, respectively. All assessments were performed in duplicate. RESULTS: We included 34 studies (65 678 650 individuals). Most studies had a high risk of bias. COVID-19 likely increases relative risk (RR (95% CI)) of myocardial infarction (3.3 (1.0 to 11.0)), stroke (3.5 (1.2 to 10)), pulmonary embolism (24.6 (13.5 to 44.9)) and deep venous thrombosis (7.8 (4.3 to 14.4)) within 30 days after infection (GRADE: moderate) and about twofold within 1 year (GRADE: low to moderate). Other RTIs also likely increase the RR of myocardial infarction (2.9 (95% CI 1.8 to 4.9)) and stroke (2.6 (95% CI 1.1 to 6.4)) within 30 days (GRADE: moderate), and to a lesser extent with longer follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: RTIs likely increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases about 1.5–5 fold within 1 month after infection. RTIs may, therefore, have clinical relevance as target for cardiovascular risk management, especially in high-risk populations. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42023416277. BMJ Publishing Group 2023-11-28 /pmc/articles/PMC10685931/ /pubmed/38016788 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2023-002501 Text en © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Meta-Analysis
la Roi-Teeuw, Hannah M
van Smeden, Maarten
Bos, Maureen
de Wilde, Sophie M
Yang, Bada
Rutten, Frans H
Geersing, Geert-Jan
Estimated causal effects of common respiratory infections on cardiovascular risk: a meta-analysis
title Estimated causal effects of common respiratory infections on cardiovascular risk: a meta-analysis
title_full Estimated causal effects of common respiratory infections on cardiovascular risk: a meta-analysis
title_fullStr Estimated causal effects of common respiratory infections on cardiovascular risk: a meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed Estimated causal effects of common respiratory infections on cardiovascular risk: a meta-analysis
title_short Estimated causal effects of common respiratory infections on cardiovascular risk: a meta-analysis
title_sort estimated causal effects of common respiratory infections on cardiovascular risk: a meta-analysis
topic Meta-Analysis
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10685931/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38016788
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2023-002501
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